Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction

Question 1

Anaphase

Answer 1

the sister chromatids seperate and move to the opposite poles of the cell, polar micro tubules push the poles apart

Question 2

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 2

Reproduction where offspring are produced from a single parent.

Question 3

Cell Cycle

Answer 3

the daughter cells formed by cell division may grow and divide again, repeatedly

Question 4

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Answer 4

DNA, a polymer consisting of subunits called nucleotides

Question 5

Cell Plate

Answer 5

Fused vesicles, forming a barrier between two daughter cells

Question 6

Centriole

Answer 6

Spindles originate from this structure

Question 7

Centromere

Answer 7

the attachment site for microtubules that move the chromosome during cell division, and temporarily holds two daughter DNA double helices together after DNA replication

Question 8

Checkpoint

Answer 8

proteins in the cell determine whether the cell has succesfully completed a specific phase of the cycle

Question 9

Chromatid

Answer 9

each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.

Question 10

Clone

Answer 10

offspring that are genetically identical to the parent and siblings

Question 11

Gamete

Answer 11

male and female sex cells, sperm and ovum

Question 12

Cytokinesis

Answer 12

the division of the cytoplasm

Question 13

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 13

offspring produced by the fusion of gametes

Question 14

Telomere

Answer 14

Protective caps at each end of a chromosome

Question 15

Duplicated Chromosome

Answer 15

copied chromosomes

Question 16

Interphase

Answer 16

the period between cell division

Question 17

Kinetochore

Answer 17

Each sister chromatid in a duplicated chromosome has a protein-containing structure

Question 18

Metaphase

Answer 18

“the middle stage” the two kinetochores on a duplicated chromosome pull towards the opposite polls of the cell

Question 19

Growth Factor

Answer 19

hormone-like molecules that stimulate cell division

Question 20

Prophase

Answer 20

first phase of mitosis

Question 21

Spindle

Answer 21

structures to facilitate chromatids being seperated during mitosis

Question 22

Spindle Microtubule

Answer 22

Microscopic tubules that make up spindles

Question 23

Telophase

Answer 23

One set of chromosomes reaches each pole and begins to decondense, nuclear envelopes start to form, nucleoli begin to reappear, spindle microtubules begin to disappear, microfilaments form rings around the equator

Question 24

Mutation

Answer 24

errors in the DNA strand that occur during replication