Chapter 43 Animal Development Flashcards
Adult Stem Cell
undifferentiated cells found throughout the body that divide to replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues
Aging
the gradual deterioration of functional characteristics
Allantosis
Stores waste, in mammals it contributes to the blood vessels of the umbilical cord.
Amnion
A sac surrounding the embryo, enclosing it in fluid
Amniotic Egg
egg that contains an amniotic sac.
Blastocyst
a structure formed in the early development of mammals. It possesses an inner cell mass (ICM) which subsequently forms the embryo.
Blastopore
the opening of the central cavity of an embryo in the early stage of development.
Blastula
an animal embryo at the early stage of development when it is a hollow ball of cells.
Chorion
the outermost membrane surrounding an embryo of a reptile, bird, or mammal. In mammals, it contributes to the formation of the placenta.
Chorionic Villus
villi that sprout from the chorion to provide maximal contact area with maternal blood.
Cleavage
cell division, especially of a fertilized egg cell.
Colostrum
the first secretion from the mammary glands after giving birth, rich in antibodies.
Differentiate
process by which a less specialized cell undergoes maturation to become more distinct in form and function
Direct Development
the newborn is born structurally very similar to the adult
Ectoderm
the outermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo in early development, or the parts derived from this, which include the epidermis and nerve tissue.
Embryonic Disk
floor of the amniotic cavity
Embryonic Stem Cell
stem cells derived from the undifferentiated inner mass cells of a human embryo
Endoderm
the innermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo in early development, or the parts derived from this, which include the lining of the gut and associated structures.
Extraembryonic Membrane
the layers enclosing the embryo inside the uterus. There are four layers: the amnion, yolk sac, allantois, and chorion
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
a condition in a child that results from alcohol exposure during the mother’s pregnancy. causes brain damage and growth problems.
Fetus
an unborn offspring of a mammal, in particular an unborn human baby more than eight weeks after conception.
Gastrula
an embryo at the stage following the blastula, when it is a hollow cup-shaped structure having three layers of cells.
Gastrulation
the process by which a gastrula forms from a blastula.
Homeobox Gene
a large group of similar genes that direct the formation of many body structures during early embryonic development
Implantation
the attachment of the fertilized egg or blastocyst to the wall of the uterus at the start of pregnancy, often delayed in some mammals by several months.
Mammary Gland
the milk-producing gland of women or other female mammals.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell
cells that have been reprogrammed back into an embryonic-like pluripotent state that enables the development of an unlimited source of any type of human cell needed for therapeutic purposes.
Induction
Cells during development are influenced by the forming structures around them.
Inner Cell Mass
the mass of cells inside the primordial embryo that will eventually give rise to the definitive structures of the fetus.
Labor
the process of childbirth, especially the period from the start of uterine contractions to delivery.
Lactation
the secretion of milk by the mammary glands.
