Chapter 10 Meiosis

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

Slightly different nucleotide sequences of a gene

Question 2

Autosome

Answer 2

pairs of chromosomes with nearly identical DNA sequences and that are found in diploid cells of both sexes

Question 3

Chiasma

Answer 3

crosses in a nuclei, remnants of binding enzymes and proteins

Question 4

Crossing Over

Answer 4

The mutual exchange of DNA between maternal and paternal chromosomes at chiasmata

Question 5

Homologous Chromosome

Answer 5

a set of chromosomes that contain genes that control the same inherited characteristics

Question 6

Down Syndrome

Answer 6

Trisomy 21, missing chromosome 21

Question 7

Karyotype

Answer 7

a complete set of chromosomes from a single cell

Question 8

Locus

Answer 8

a gene consists of a sequence of nucleotides at a specific place on a chromosome

Question 9

Haploid

Answer 9

if a cell contains only one member of each pair of homologues

Question 10

Sex Chromosome

Answer 10

males have x&Y chromosomes, females have a pair of X chromosomes

Question 11

Meiosis

Answer 11

a specialized type of nuclear division, in which a diploid nucleus divides twice, producing four haploid nuclei, and cytokinesis which packages the four nuclei into separate cells

Question 12

Jacob Syndrome

Answer 12

male offspring with one x chromosome and two y chromosomes, occasionally taller then average

Question 13

Polypoid

Answer 13

more than two copies of each homologous chromosome in each cell

Question 14

Klinefelter Syndrome

Answer 14

males born with two x chromosomes and one y chromosome, small testes and low sperm counts

Question 15

Meiosis II

Answer 15

seperates the chromatids into independent chromosomes and parcels one chromosome into each of two daughter nuclei

Question 16

Nondisjunction

Answer 16

Errors in meiosis, resulting in wrong numbers of chromosomes

Question 17

Recombination

Answer 17

the formation of chromosomes with combinations of alleles that differ from those of either parent

Question 18

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 18

Offspring are are produced through the union of Gametes

Question 19

Trisomy X

Answer 19

female offspring with three X chromosomes, frequently taller and have learning disabilities

Question 20

Turner Syndrome

Answer 20

female baby with only one x chromosome, ovaries degenerate during development

Question 21

Trisomy 21

Answer 21

Downs syndrome, missing chromosome 21

Question 22

Zygote

Answer 22

a diploid fertilized egg