Chapter 13 Gene Expression & Regulation

Question 1

Anticodon

Answer 1

group of three bases, protrude from each tRNA

Question 2

Barr Body

Answer 2

a condensed x-chromosome coated in non-coding RNA. Cannot be transcribed

Question 3

Codon

Answer 3

groups of three bases in mRNA, specify which amino acids will be incorporated into a protein

Question 4

Deletion Mutation

Answer 4

one or more pairs of nucleotides are removed from a gene

Question 5

Epigenetics

Answer 5

the study of how cells and organisms change gene expression and function without changing the base sequence of their DNA

Question 6

Exon

Answer 6

coding segements of DNA, they’re expressed in protein

Question 7

Genetic Code

Answer 7

the rules for translating base sequences in DNA and mRNA into amino acid sequences in protein.

Question 8

Insertion Mutation

Answer 8

one or more pairs of nucleotides are inserted into a gene

Question 9

Intron

Answer 9

untranslated segments of DNA

Question 10

Inversion

Answer 10

a piece of DNA is cut out of a chromosome, flipped and reinserted in a reversed orientation

Question 11

Lactose Operon

Answer 11

contains three structural genes, each coding for an enzyme that aids in lactose metabolism

Question 12

Messenger RNA

Answer 12

carries information to ribosome in the cytoplasm, where it will be used to direct protein synthesis

Question 13

microRNA

Answer 13

Noncoding RNA, that are cut up into very small strands,

Question 14

Neutral Mutation

Answer 14

substitutions in which the resulting amino acid is the same as, or functionally the same as the original amino acid.

Question 15

Nucleotide Substitution Mutation

Answer 15

a single base pair of DNA is changed

Question 16

Operator

Answer 16

found in an operon; governs the access of RNA polymerase to the promoter

Question 17

Operon

Answer 17

Bacterial DNA that is organized in packages, where genes for related functions lie close to one another.

Question 18

Promoter

Answer 18

near the beginning of every gene is a promoter DNA sequence. when RNA polymerase binds to it, it signals the DNA helicase to begin unwinding, allowing transcription to begin.

Question 19

Structural Gene

Answer 19

found in an operon: encode the related enzymes or other proteins

Question 20

Repressor Protein

Answer 20

regulatory genes in operons direct their synthesis. when the repressor binds to the operator site, RNA polymerase cannot transcribe the structural genes

Question 21

Ribonucleic Acid

Answer 21

(RNA) used by DNA to direct the sysnthesis of proteins. has a a sugar ribose, single stranded, has uracil as a base instead of thymine

Question 22

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 22

RNA that forms the structure of a Ribosome.

Question 23

Ribosome

Answer 23

Cellular structures that synthesize proteins, compose of rRNA and proteins

Question 24

RNA Polymerase

Answer 24

enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of RNA

Question 25

Stop Codon

Answer 25

Codons UAG, UAA, UGA, stop translation.

Question 26

Transfer RNA

Answer 26

delivers amino acids to a ribosome, where they will be incorporated into a protein.

Question 27

Template Strand

Answer 27

the DNA strand That RNA polymerase binds to produce a strand of RNA

Question 28

Transcription

Answer 28

the information contained in DNA is copied into RNA

Question 29

Translation

Answer 29

mRNA base sequence is decoded. mRNA binds with a ribosome where the mRNA and tRNA covert the base sequence of the mRNA into the amino acid sequence of a protein