Chapter 9 - Cardiovascular System Flashcards
-apheresis
removal
great vessels
superior vena cava, aorta, pulmonary trunk
epicardium
another name for visceral pericardium; fused to the heart and forms the outer layer of the heart wall
myocardium
made of muscle tissue and gives the heart its ability to contract
endocardium
lines the heart chambers and is the main component of the heart valves
atria
upper chambers
ventricles
lower chambers
interventricular septum
muscular wall that separates the right and left ventricles
interatrial septum
separates the right and left atria
tricuspid valve
separates the right atrium and right ventricle
bicuspid valve; mitral valve
separates the left ventricle and left atrium
pulmonary valve
separates the right ventricle from pulmonary trunk
aortic valve
separates the left ventricle from aorta
pulmonary circuit
transports blood to and from the lungs, where it picks up oxygen and drops off carbon dioxide
systemic circuit
transports freshly oxygenated blood to all the tissues of the body and returns deoxygenated blood and carbon dioxide to heart to be sent back to pulmonary circulation
superior vena cava
large vein; carries deoxygenated blood from head and upper extremities back to heart
inferior vena cava
large vein; carries deoxygenated blood from torso and legs back to heart
diastole
heart is relaxed and the atria and ventricles are filling with blood
systole
heart contracts, AV valves shut, and ventricles eject blood to lungs and body through open semilunar valves
ACS
acute coronary syndrome
AFib
atrial fibrillation
AV
atrioventricular
BP
blood pressure
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
CAD
coronary artery disease
CCU
coronary care unit; cardiac care unit
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
ECG, EKG
electrocardiogram
ECHO
echocardiogram
HF
heart failure
HHD
hypertensive heart disease
HTN
hypertension
MI
myocardial infraction
PAD
peripheral artery disease
PTCA
percutaneous tranluminal coronary angioplasty
SPECT
single-photon emission computed tomography
TEE
transesophageal echocardiogram
cardiomyopathy
abnormally enlarged heart muscle
dilated cardiomyopathy
one of the ventricles is larger than normal
arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
inherited condition that results in irregular heart rhythms
restrictive cardiomyopathy
complication of other conditions which cause the myocardium to scar or stiffen
heart failure; congestive heart failure (CHF)
inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the needs of the body
valvular heart disease
scar tissue formation that interferes with valve function
mitral valve prolapse
mitral valve is diseased or malformed and is not able to close completely, allowing the regurgitation of blood back into the left atrium during systole
aortic stenosis
aortic valve is narrowed and hardened, preventing it from opening fully and allowing sufficient blood to travel the systemic circulation
aneurysm
defect in the wall of an artery in which the wall becomes thin and weak and starts to balloon out as blood pulses against the vessel wall
patent ductus arteriosus
congenital condition in which the ductus arteriosus fails to close
patent foramen ovale
type of atrial septal defect (ASD) due to a failure of the hole in the interatrial septum to close at birth
tetralogy of fallot
opening in the interventricular septum caused by blockage of pulmonary trunk
coronary artery disease
buildup of plaque in coronary arteries obstructs the flow of blood and decreases compliance of vessels
angioplasty
occlusion is mechanically widened with a balloon
coronary bypass surgery
grafts a replacement vessel obtained from another part of the body to bypass the occluded area
myocardial infarction
heart attack; lack of blood flow to a region of the heart, resulting in death of the cardiac muscle cells
ablation
removal or destruction of body part or tissue or its function
angina pectoris
chest pain
angiogram
x-ray or computer image (CT, MRI) of blood vessels and blood flow in the body
antihypertensives
class of medications to treat high blood pressure
arrhythmia
deviation from normal pattern of impulse conduction and contraction of heart
cardiac troponin
regulatory protein for muscle contraction
computerized tomography (CT)
imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional x-rays in order to reveal minute details about structures in body
ductus arteriosus
temporary connection between pulmonary trunk and aorta in fetal heart
echocardiogram
computer picture of heart created by bouncing high-energy sound waves to look at tissues and organs
implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD)
small device placed by surgery in the chest and abdomen that is used to correct a heartbeat that is abnormal
