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Medical Terminology > Chapter 9 - Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

-apheresis

A

removal

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2
Q

great vessels

A

superior vena cava, aorta, pulmonary trunk

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3
Q

epicardium

A

another name for visceral pericardium; fused to the heart and forms the outer layer of the heart wall

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4
Q

myocardium

A

made of muscle tissue and gives the heart its ability to contract

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5
Q

endocardium

A

lines the heart chambers and is the main component of the heart valves

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6
Q

atria

A

upper chambers

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7
Q

ventricles

A

lower chambers

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8
Q

interventricular septum

A

muscular wall that separates the right and left ventricles

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9
Q

interatrial septum

A

separates the right and left atria

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10
Q

tricuspid valve

A

separates the right atrium and right ventricle

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11
Q

bicuspid valve; mitral valve

A

separates the left ventricle and left atrium

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12
Q

pulmonary valve

A

separates the right ventricle from pulmonary trunk

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13
Q

aortic valve

A

separates the left ventricle from aorta

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14
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

transports blood to and from the lungs, where it picks up oxygen and drops off carbon dioxide

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15
Q

systemic circuit

A

transports freshly oxygenated blood to all the tissues of the body and returns deoxygenated blood and carbon dioxide to heart to be sent back to pulmonary circulation

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16
Q

superior vena cava

A

large vein; carries deoxygenated blood from head and upper extremities back to heart

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17
Q

inferior vena cava

A

large vein; carries deoxygenated blood from torso and legs back to heart

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18
Q

diastole

A

heart is relaxed and the atria and ventricles are filling with blood

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19
Q

systole

A

heart contracts, AV valves shut, and ventricles eject blood to lungs and body through open semilunar valves

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20
Q

ACS

A

acute coronary syndrome

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21
Q

AFib

A

atrial fibrillation

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22
Q

AV

A

atrioventricular

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23
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

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24
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass graft

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25
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

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26
Q

CCU

A

coronary care unit; cardiac care unit

27
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

28
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

29
Q

ECG, EKG

A

electrocardiogram

30
Q

ECHO

A

echocardiogram

31
Q

HF

A

heart failure

32
Q

HHD

A

hypertensive heart disease

33
Q

HTN

A

hypertension

34
Q

MI

A

myocardial infraction

35
Q

PAD

A

peripheral artery disease

36
Q

PTCA

A

percutaneous tranluminal coronary angioplasty

37
Q

SPECT

A

single-photon emission computed tomography

38
Q

TEE

A

transesophageal echocardiogram

39
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

abnormally enlarged heart muscle

40
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy

A

one of the ventricles is larger than normal

41
Q

arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy

A

inherited condition that results in irregular heart rhythms

42
Q

restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

complication of other conditions which cause the myocardium to scar or stiffen

43
Q

heart failure; congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the needs of the body

44
Q

valvular heart disease

A

scar tissue formation that interferes with valve function

45
Q

mitral valve prolapse

A

mitral valve is diseased or malformed and is not able to close completely, allowing the regurgitation of blood back into the left atrium during systole

46
Q

aortic stenosis

A

aortic valve is narrowed and hardened, preventing it from opening fully and allowing sufficient blood to travel the systemic circulation

47
Q

aneurysm

A

defect in the wall of an artery in which the wall becomes thin and weak and starts to balloon out as blood pulses against the vessel wall

48
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

congenital condition in which the ductus arteriosus fails to close

49
Q

patent foramen ovale

A

type of atrial septal defect (ASD) due to a failure of the hole in the interatrial septum to close at birth

50
Q

tetralogy of fallot

A

opening in the interventricular septum caused by blockage of pulmonary trunk

51
Q

coronary artery disease

A

buildup of plaque in coronary arteries obstructs the flow of blood and decreases compliance of vessels

52
Q

angioplasty

A

occlusion is mechanically widened with a balloon

53
Q

coronary bypass surgery

A

grafts a replacement vessel obtained from another part of the body to bypass the occluded area

54
Q

myocardial infarction

A

heart attack; lack of blood flow to a region of the heart, resulting in death of the cardiac muscle cells

55
Q

ablation

A

removal or destruction of body part or tissue or its function

56
Q

angina pectoris

A

chest pain

57
Q

angiogram

A

x-ray or computer image (CT, MRI) of blood vessels and blood flow in the body

58
Q

antihypertensives

A

class of medications to treat high blood pressure

59
Q

arrhythmia

A

deviation from normal pattern of impulse conduction and contraction of heart

60
Q

cardiac troponin

A

regulatory protein for muscle contraction

61
Q

computerized tomography (CT)

A

imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional x-rays in order to reveal minute details about structures in body

62
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

temporary connection between pulmonary trunk and aorta in fetal heart

63
Q

echocardiogram

A

computer picture of heart created by bouncing high-energy sound waves to look at tissues and organs

64
Q

implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD)

A

small device placed by surgery in the chest and abdomen that is used to correct a heartbeat that is abnormal

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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