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Medical Terminology > Chapter 14 - Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Endocrine System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acr/o

A

extremities; height

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2
Q

calc/i

A

calcium

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3
Q

cortic/o

A

cortex; outer layer of a body organ

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4
Q

dips/o

A

thirst

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5
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar

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6
Q

endocrin/o

A

endocrine

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7
Q

kal/i

A

potassium

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8
Q

natr/o

A

sodium

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9
Q

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid gland

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10
Q

pituitar/o

A

pituitary gland

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11
Q

-drome

A

run; running together

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12
Q

endocrine gland

A

secrete hormones directly into surrounding fluid

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13
Q

exocrine system

A

glands release secretions through ducts

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14
Q

epinephrine

A

hormone that causes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose; adrenaline

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15
Q

norepinephrine

A

chemical that can act as a neurotransmitter and hormone; released from adrenal gland in response to stress and low blood pressure; noradrenaline

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16
Q

autocrine

A

chemical that elicits a response in the same cell that secreted it

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17
Q

paracrine

A

cellular signaling in which a factor secreted by a cell affects other cells in the local environment

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18
Q

amine hormones

A

derived from modification of amino acids; synthesized from tryptophan and tyrosine

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19
Q

peptide and protein hormones

A

consist of multiple amino acids that link to form an amino acid chain

20
Q

steroid hormones

A

derived from lipid cholesterol

21
Q

permissive effect

A

presence of one hormone enables another hormone to act

22
Q

synergistic effect

A

two hormones with similar effects produce an amplified response

23
Q

antagonistic effect

A

two hormones have opposing effects

24
Q

posterior pituitary gland

A

stores hormones

25
Q

anterior pituitary gland

A

originates from digestive tract in embryo and migrates toward brain during development; manufactures hormones

26
Q

oxytocin

A

peptide-derived; stimulates uterine contractions and dilation of cervix

27
Q

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

regulates solute concentration of blood

28
Q

thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH)

A

released from anterior pituitary gland in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from hypothalamus

29
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete corticosteroid hormones such as cortisol

30
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

stimulates production and maturation of sex cells (gametes)

31
Q

luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

triggers ovulation in women and production of estrogen and progesterone by ovaries

32
Q

prolactin (PRL)

A

promotes lactation

33
Q

pineal gland

A

tiny gland whose functions are not clear; known to produce melatonin

34
Q

thyroid gland

A

located anterior to trachea and inferior to larynx

35
Q

parathyroid gland

A

tiny, round structures found embedded in posterior surface of thyroid gland

36
Q

adrenal glands

A

wedges of glandular and neuroendocrine tissue adhering to top of kidneys

37
Q

acromegaly

A

abnormally high levels of growth hormone trigger growth of bones, cartilage, and body tissues

38
Q

addison’s disease

A

causes low blood glucose levels and low blood sodium levels

39
Q

cushing’s syndrome

A

high blood glucose levels and accumulation of lipid deposits on face and neck; caused by hypersecretion of cortisol

40
Q

gigantism

A

abnormally high levels of growth hormone prompt excessive growth

41
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive production of androgens (male sex hormones) causing hair growth in women

42
Q

graves’ disease

A

disorder of thyroid gland; immune system attacks thyroid resulting in hyperthyroidism

43
Q

adenosis

A

disease or abnormal change in a gland

44
Q

hypopituitarism

A

disease state caused by insufficient production of thyroid hormone by thyroid gland

45
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

rare condition where pituitary gland stops making most or all hormones

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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