Chapter 7 - Muscular System Flashcards
sarc/o
flesh; connective tissue
-schisis
split; fissure
skeletal muscle
responsible for voluntary muscle movement and protect internal organs; also called striated muscle
cardiac muscle
involuntary and found only in the heart; highly coordinated contractions pump blood into the vessels of the circulatory system
smooth muscle
responsible for involuntary muscle movement; also called visceral or non-striated muscle
excitability
plasma membranes can change their electrical states and send an electrical wave called an action potential along the length of membrane
fascia
fibrous connective tissue that encloses muscles
DC
doctor of chiropractic
DO
doctor of osteopathy
EMG
electromyogram
MD
muscular dystrophy
MG
myasthenia gravis
ortho
orthopedics
duchenne muscular dystrophy
inability of the body to make dystrophin (muscle protein); muscles become weak as the person ages
cerebral palsy (CP)
interruption to the normal development of a person’s brain leading to weakness with muscles
carpal tunnel syndrome
pain, numbness, or weakness to the hand(s) caused by pressure on the median nerve
paralysis
loss of strength and control of the muscles in parts of the body
paresis
partial paralysis wherein there is a moderate degree of muscular weakness
paraplegia
paralysis that affects the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk
quadriplegia
paralysis affects all 4 limbs
hemiplegia
paralysis affects one side of the body
sprain
injury to a joint whereby a ligament is stretched or torn
strain
injury to a muscle or a tendon caused by stretching or tearing
electromyography (EMG)
procedure that assesses the electrical signals muscles send while at rest and when they are used
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
test that uses radio waves and a magnetic field to view internal organs and structures
range of motion testing
diagnostic testing used to determine the amount of movement around a specific joint
antagonistic
in opposition to each other
bradykinesi
condition of slow movement
dyskinesia
abnormal involuntary movements of the extremities, trunk, or jaw
fibromyalgia
common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by muscle pain
myasthenia gravis
disease in which antibodies prevent certain nerve-muscle interactions, causing weakness in arms and legs, vision problems, and drooping eyelids or head
myeloma
cancer that arises in plasma cells
polymyositis
inflammatory disease of the muscle closest to the center of the body
rhabdomyolysis
necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle
