Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Chapter 8 - Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Nervous System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

pan-

A

all; total

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

para-

A

beside; beyond; around; abnormal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cephal/o

A

head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cerebell/o

A

cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

dur/o

A

dura mater; hard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

esthesi/o

A

sensation; sensitivity; feeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

gangli/o

A

ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ganion/o

A

ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

gli/o

A

glia; gluey substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

mening/o

A

meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

meningi/o

A

meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ment/o

A

mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

phas/o

A

speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

quadr/i

A

four

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

radic/o

A

nerve root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

radicul/o

A

nerve root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

rhiz/o

A

nerve root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

-genic

A

producing; originating; causing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

-iatrist

A

specialist; physician

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

-iatry

A

specialty; treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

-ictal

A

seizure; attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

all nervous tissue that is outside of the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

neurons

A

responsible for the computation and communication; release chemical signals to target cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

glial cells or glia

A

supporting role for nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

soma

A

cell body of neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

axon

A

fiber that connect a neuron with its target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

dendrites

A

responsible for receiving most of the input from other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

gray matter

A

regions with many cell bodies and dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

white matter

A

regions with many axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

cerebrum

A

region of the adult brain that develops from the telencephalon; responsible for higher neurological functions (memory, emotion, and consciousness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

cerebral cortex

A

covers the cerebrum in a continuous layer of gray matter that wraps around either side of the forebrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

thalamus

A

collection of nuclei that relay information between the cerebral cortex and the periphery, spinal cord, or brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

hypothalamus

A

region of the forebrain below the thalamus; function in both autonomic and endocrine systems; regulates homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

unipolar cells

A

one process emerging from the cell; only found in invertebrate animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

bipolar cells

A

2 processes which extend from each end of the cell body, opposite to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

multipolar neurons

A

neurons that are not unipolar or bipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

somatic nervous system (SNS)

A

responsible for conscious perception and voluntary motor responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

responsible for involuntary control of the body, usually for the sake of homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

enteric nervous system (ENS)

A

responsible for controlling the smooth muscle and glandular tissue in the digestive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

AD

A

alzheimer’s disease

45
Q

ADHD

A

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

46
Q

ALS

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

47
Q

CSF

A

cerebrospinal fluid

48
Q

CTE

A

chronic traumatic encephalopathy

49
Q

CVA

A

cerebrovascular accident

50
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalogram

51
Q

EP studies

A

evoked potential studies

52
Q

LP

A

lumbar puncture

53
Q

MS

A

multiple sclerosis

54
Q

OCD

A

obsessive-compulsive disorder

55
Q

PD

A

parkinson’s disease

56
Q

PET

A

positron emission tomography

57
Q

SAH

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

58
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack

59
Q

stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

loss of blood flow to part of the brain

60
Q

ischemic stroke

A

loss of blood flow to an area because blood vessels are blocked or narrowed

61
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

bleeding into the brain because of a damaged blood vessel

62
Q

afferent nerves

A

carry sensory signals (nerve impulses) toward the central nervous fro the periphery

63
Q

aphasia

A

loss of language function

64
Q

arachnoid mater

A

middle layer of the meninges named for the spider-web-like trabeculae that extend between it and the pia mater

65
Q

astrocyte

A

glial cell type of CNS that provides support for neurons and maintains the blood-brain barrier

66
Q

axon hillock

A

tapering of the neuron cell body that gives rise to the axon

67
Q

axon segment

A

single stretch of the axon insulated by myelin and bounded by nodes of Ranvier at either end

68
Q

axon terminal

A

end of the axon

69
Q

axoplasm

A

cytoplasm of an axon

70
Q

babinski sign

A

dorsiflexion of the foot with extension and splaying of the toes in response to the plantar reflex, normally suppressed by corticospinal input

71
Q

blood-barrier (BBB)

A

physiological barrier between the circulatory system and CNS that establishes a privileged blood supply, restricting the flow of substances into the CNS

72
Q

broca’s area

A

region of the frontal lobe associated with the motor commands necessary for speech production

73
Q

brodmann’s areas

A

mapping of regions of the cerebral cortex based on microscopic anatomy that relates specific areas to functional differences

74
Q

cauda equina

A

bundle of spinal nerve roots that descend from the lower spinal cord below the first lumbar vertebra and lie within the vertebral cavity

75
Q

caudate

A

nucleus deep in the cerebrum that is part of the basal nuclei

76
Q

central sulcus

A

surface landmark of the cerebral cortex that marks the boundary between the frontal parietal lobes

77
Q

cephalgia

A

pain in the head

78
Q

cerebral angiography

A

process of recording the blood vessels of the cerebrum

79
Q

cerebral hemisphere

A

one half of the bilaterally symmetrical cerebrum

80
Q

cerebral thrombosis

A

formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel within the skull

81
Q

choroid plexus

A

specialized structure containing ependymal cells that line blood capillaries and filter blood to produce cerebrospinal fluid in the 4 ventricles of the brain

82
Q

corpus callosum

A

large white matter structure that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres

83
Q

descending tract

A

carrying motor commands from the brain to the spinal cord or periphery

84
Q

diencephalon

A

includes thalamus and hypothalamus

85
Q

dorsal (posterior) nerve root

A

axons entering the posterior horn of the spinal cord

86
Q

efferent nerves

A

nerve tissue that carries impulses away from CNS towards peripheral that result in motor response

87
Q

embolus

A

obstruction such as a blood clot or plaque that blocks the flow of blood in an artery or vein

88
Q

ependymal cell

A

glial cell type in the CNS responsible for producing cerebrospinal fluid

89
Q

foramen magnum

A

large opening in the occipital bone of the skull through the spinal cord emerges and the vertebral arteries enter the cranium

90
Q

frontal lobe

A

region of the cerebral cortex directly beneath the frontal bone of the cranium

91
Q

glioblastoma

A

CNS tumor composed of developing glial tissue

92
Q

glioma

A

tumor that begins in the glial tissue

93
Q

gyrus

A

ridge formed by convolutions on the surface of the cerebrum or cerebellum

94
Q

hydrocephalus

A

abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain

95
Q

hyperesthesia

A

increased sensitivity to stimuli

96
Q

integration

A

nervous system function that combines sensory perceptions and higher cognitive functions to produce a response

97
Q

initial segment

A

first part of axon as it emerges from the axon hillock, where the electrical signals are generated

98
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

large separation along the midline between the 2 cerebral hemispheres

99
Q

meningocele

A

protrusion of the meninges

100
Q

meningomyelocele

A

protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord

101
Q

microalgia

A

smaller than other glial cells; ingest and digest cells or pathogens that cause disease

102
Q

midbrain

A

portion of brainstem above pons; assists in motor reflexes associated with visual, auditory, and somatosensory stimuli

103
Q

mononeuropathy

A

disease affecting a single peripheral nerve

104
Q

myelin sheath

A

lipid-rich layer of insulation around axon; facilitates transmission of electrical signals

105
Q

olfaction

A

sense of smell

106
Q

pia mater

A

thin, innermost membrane of the meninges that covers the surface of CNS

107
Q

poliomyelitis

A

acute infection by poliovirus

108
Q

pons

A

responsible for regulating several crucial functions, including cardiovascular and respiratory systems

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions