Chapter 3 - Body Terminology Flashcards
anterior or ventral
front or direction toward the front of the body
posterior or dorsal
back or the direction toward the back of the body
superior or cranial
position above or higher than another part of the body proper
inferior or caudal
position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail
lateral
side or direction toward the side of the body
medial
the middle or direction toward the middle of the body
proximal
position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment of the trunk of the body
distal
position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body
superficial
position closer to the surface of the body
deep
position farther from the surface of the body
sagittal plane
divides the body or an organ vertically into right and left sides
frontal plane or coronal plane
divides the body or an organ into an anterior (front) portion and posterior (rear) portion
transverse plane
divides the body or organ horizontally into upper and lower portions
posterior (dorsal) cavity
cranial and spinal cavity
cranial cavity
houses the brain; protected by the bones of the skulls and cerebrospinal fluid
spinal cavity or vertebral cavity
encloses the spinal cord; protected by the vertebral column
anterior (ventral) cavity
thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity
thoracic cavity
more superior subdivision and enclosed by the rib cage; contains the lungs and heart; diaphragm forms the floor and separates it from inferior cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
largest cavity in the body; no membrane divides the cavity; houses digestive organs, the pelvic cavity, and reproductive organs
connective tissue membrane
formed solely from connective tissue; encapsulate organs and line movable joints
synovial membrane
type of connective tissue membrane that lines the cavity of a freely movable joint
epithelial membrane
composed of epithelium attached to a layer of connective tissue
mucous membrane
composite of connective and epithelial tissues; line the body cavities and hollow passageways that open to the external environment
serous membrane
line the coelomic cavities and cover the organs located within those cavities
parietal layers
line the walls of the body cavity
visceral layer
covers the organs (the viscera)
serous space
very thin, fluid filled space between the parietal and visceral layers
pleura
surrounds the lungs in the pleural cavity and reduces friction between the lungs and the body wall
pericardium
surrounds the heart in the pericardial cavity and reduces friction between the heart and the wall of the pericardium
peritoneum
surrounds several organs in the abdominopelvic cavity and reduces friction between the abdominal and pelvic organs and the body wall
anatomical position
body standing upright, feet shoulder width and parallel, toes forward, upper limbs held out to each side, and palms of hands face forward
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
a colorless fluid produced by the brain that cushions the brain and spinal cord within the posterior (dorsal) cavity
coelomic
cavities that do not open to the outside
cutaneous membrane
epithelial tissue made up of stratified squamous epithelial cells that cover the outside of the body; skin
prone
a face-down orientation
supine
a face-up orientation
