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A & P 1 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Define abduction

A

movement in the coronal plane that moves a limb laterally away from the body; spreading of the fingers

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2
Q

Define acetabular labrum

A

lip of fibrocartilage that surrounds outer margin of the acetabulum on the hip bone

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3
Q

Define adduction

A

movement in the coronal plane that moves a limb medially toward or across the midline of the body; bringing fingers together

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4
Q

Define amphiarthrosis

A

slightly mobile joint

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5
Q

Define annular ligament

A

intrinsic ligament of the elbow articular capsule that surrounds and supports the head of the radius as the proximal radioulnar joint

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6
Q

Define anterior talofibular ligament

A

intrinsic ligament located on the lateral side of the ankle joint between talus bone and malleolus of fibula; supports talus at the talocrural joint and resists excess inversion of the foot

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7
Q

Define anterior cruciate ligament

A

intrascapular ligament of the knee; extends from anterior, superior surface of the tibia to the inner aspect of the lateral condyle of the femur, resists hyperextension of knee

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8
Q

Define articular capsule

A

connective tissue structure that encloses the joint cavity of the synovial joint

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9
Q

Define articular cartilage

A

thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articulating surfaces of bones at a synovial joint

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10
Q

Define articular disc

A

meniscus; fibrocartilage structure found between the bones of some synovial joints; provides padding or smooths movements between the bones; strongly unites the bones together

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11
Q

Define articulation

A

joint of the body

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12
Q

Define atlanto-occipital joint

A

articulation between the occipital condyle of the skull and the superior articular processes of the atlas (c1 vertebrae)

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13
Q

Define atlantoaxial joint

A

series of three articulations between the atlas (C1) vertebra and the axis (C2) vertebra, consisting of the joints betwen the inferior articular processes of C1 and the superior articular processes of C2, and the articulation between the dens of the C2, and the articulation between the dens of C2 and the anterior arch of C1

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14
Q

Define ball-and-socket joint

A

synovial joint formed between the spherical end of one bone (the ball) that fits into the depression of a second bone (the socket); found at the hip and shoulder joints; functionally classified as a mutliaxial joint

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15
Q

Define biaxial joint

A

type of diarthrosis; a joint that allows for movements within two planes (two axes)

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16
Q

Define bursa

A

connective tissue sac containing lubricating fluid that prevents friction between adjacent structures, such as skin and bone, tendons and bone, or between muscles

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17
Q

Define calcaneofibular ligament

A

intrinsic tissue sac containing lubricating fluid that prevents friction between adjacent structures, such as skin and bone, tendons and bone, or between muscles

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18
Q

Define cartilaginous joint

A

joint at which the bones are united by hyaline cartilage (synchondrosis) or fibrocartilage (symphysis)

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19
Q

Define circumduction

A

circular motion of the arm, thigh, hand, thumb, or finger that is produced by the sequential combination of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction

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20
Q

Define condyloid joint

A

synovial joint in which the shallow depression at the end of one bone receives a rounded end from a second bone or a rounded structure formed by two bones; found at metacarpophalangeal joints of the wrist; functionally classified as a biaxial joint

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21
Q

Define coracohumeral ligament

A

intrinsic ligament of the shoulder joint; runs from the coracoid process of the scapula to the anterior humerus

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22
Q

Define deltoid ligament

A

broad intrinsic ligament located on the medial side of the ankle joint; supports the talus at the talocrural joint and resists excess eversion of the foot

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23
Q

Define depression

A

downward (inferior) motion of the scapula or mandible

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24
Q

Define diarthrosis

A

freely mobile joint

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25
Q

Define dorsiflexion

A

movement at the ankle that brings the top of the foot toward the anterior leg

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26
Q

Define elbow joint

A

humeroulnar joint

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27
Q

Define elevation

A

upward (superior) motion of the scapula or mandible

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28
Q

Define eversion

A

foot movement involving the intertarsal joints of the foot in which the bottom of the foot is turned laterally, away from the midline

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29
Q

Define extension

A

movement in the sagittal plane that increases the angle of a joint (straightens the joint); motion involving posterior bending of the vertebral column or returning to the upright position from a flexed position

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30
Q

Define extrinsic ligament

A

ligament located outside of the articular capsule of a synovial joint

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31
Q

Define femoropatellar joint

A

portion of the knees joint consisting of the articulation between the distal femur and the patella

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32
Q

Define fibrous joint

A

joint where the articulating areas of the adjacent bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue

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33
Q

Define fibular collateral ligament

A

extrinsic ligament of the knee joint that spans from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the head of the fibula; resists hyperextension and rotation of the extended knee

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34
Q

Define flexion

A

movement in the sagittal plane that decreases the angle of a joint (bends the joint); motion involving anterior bending of the vertebral column

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35
Q

Define fontanelles

A

expanded areas of fibrous connective tissue that separate the braincase bones of the skull prior to birth and during the first year of life

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36
Q

Define glenohumeral ligament

A

one of the three intrinsic ligaments of the shoulder joint that strengthen the anterior articular capsule

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37
Q

Define gomphosis

A

type of fibrous joint in which the root of a tooth is anchored into it bony jaw socket by strong periodontal ligaments

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38
Q

Define glenoid labrum

A

lip of fibrocartilage located around the outside margin of the glenoid cavity of the scapula

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39
Q

Define hinge joint

A

synovial joint at which the convex surface of one bone articulates with the concave surface of a second bone; includes the elbow, knee, ankle, and interphalangeal joints; functionally classified as a uniaxial joint

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40
Q

Define humeroradial joint

A

articulation between the capitulum of the humerus and head of the radius

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41
Q

Define humeroulnar joint

A

articulation between the trochlea of humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna; uniaxial hinge joint that allows for flexion/extension of the forearm

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42
Q

Define hyperextension

A

excessive extension of joint, beyond the normal range of movement

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43
Q

Define hyperflexion

A

excessive flexion of joint, beyond the normal range of movement

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44
Q

Define iliofemoral ligament

A

intrinsic ligament spanning from the ilium of the hip bone to the femur, on the superior-anterior aspect of the hip joint

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45
Q

Define inferior rotation

A

movement of the scapula during upper limb adduction in which the glenoid cavity of the scapula moves in a downward direction as the medial end of the scapular spine moves in an upward direction

46
Q

Define interosseous membrane

A

wide sheet of fibrous connective tissue the fills the gap between two parallel bones, forming a syndesmosis; found between the radius and ulna of the forearm and between the tibia and fibula of the leg

47
Q

Define intracapsular ligament

A

ligament that is located within the articular capsule of a synovial joint

48
Q

Define intrinsic ligament

A

ligament that is fused to or incorporated into the wall of the articular capsule of a synovial joint

49
Q

Define inversion

A

foot movement involving the intertarsal joints of the foot in which the bottom of the foot is turned toward the midline

50
Q

Define ischiofemoral ligament

A

intrinsic ligament spanning from the ischium of the hip bone to the femur, on the posterior aspect o the hip joint

51
Q

Define joint

A

site at which two or more bones or bone and cartilage come together (articulate)

52
Q

Define joint cavity

A

space enclosed by the articular capsule of a synovial join that is filled with synovial fluid and contains the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones

53
Q

Define joint interzone

A

site within a growing embryonic limb bud that will become a synovial joint

54
Q

Define later (external) rotation

A

movement of the arm at the shoulder joint or the thigh at the hip joint that moves the anterior surface of the limb away from the midline of the body

55
Q

Define lateral excursion

A

side-to-side movement of the mandible away from the midline, toward either the right or left side

56
Q

Define lateral flexion

A

bending of the neck or body toward the right or left side

57
Q

Define lateral meniscus

A

c-shaped fibrocartilage articular disc located at the knee, between the lateral condyle of the femur and the lateral condyle of the tibia

58
Q

Define lateral tibiofemoral joint

A

portion of the knee consisting of the articulation between the lateral condyle of the tibia and the latera; condyle of the femur, allows for flexion/extension at the knee

59
Q

Define ligament

A

strong band or dense connective tissue spanning between bones

60
Q

Define ligament of the head of the femur

A

intracapsular ligament that runs from the acetabulum of the hip bone to the head of the femur

61
Q

Define medial (internal) rotation

A

movement of the arm at the shoulder joint or the thigh at the hip joint that brings the anterior surface of the limb toward the midline of the body

62
Q

Define medial excursion

A

side-to-side movement that returns the mandible to the midline

63
Q

Define medial meniscus

A

c-shaped fibrocartilage articular disc located at the knee, between the medial condyle of the femur and medial condyle of the tibia

64
Q

Define medial tibiofemoral joint

A

portion of the knee consisting of the articulation between the medial condyle of the tibia and the medial condyle of the femur; allows for flexion/extension at the knees

65
Q

Define meniscus

A

articular disc

66
Q

Define mutliaxial joint

A

type of diarthrosis; a joint that allows for movements within three planes (three axes)

67
Q

Define opposition

A

thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger

68
Q

Define patellar ligament

A

ligament spanning from the patella to the anterior tibia; serves as the final attachment for the quadriceps femoris muscle

69
Q

Define periodontal ligament

A

band of dense connective tissue that anchors the root of a tooth into the bony jaw socket

70
Q

Define pivot joint

A

synovial joint at which the rounded portion of a bone rotates within a ring formed by a ligament and an articulating bone; functionally classified as uniaxial joint

71
Q

Define plane joint

A

synovial joint formed between the flattened articulating surfaces of adjacent bones; functionally classified as a mutliaxial joint

72
Q

Define plantar flexion

A

foot movement at the ankle in which the heel is lifted off of the ground

73
Q

Define posterior cruciate ligament

A

intracapsular ligament of the knee; extends from the posterior, superior surface of the tibia to the inner aspect of the medial condyle of the femur; prevents anterior displacement of the femur when the knee is flexed and weight bearing

74
Q

Define posterior talofibular ligament

A

intrinsic ligament located on the lateral side of the ankle joint, between the talus bone and lateral malleolus of the fibula; supports the talus at the talocrural joint and resists excess inversion of the foot

75
Q

Define pronated position

A

forearm position in which the palm faces backward

76
Q

Define pronation

A

forearm motion that moves the palm of the hand from the palm forward to the palm backward position

77
Q

Define protraction

A

anterior motion of the scapula or mandible

78
Q

Define proximal radioulnar joint

A

articulation between head of radius and radial notch of ulna; uniaxial pivot joint that allows for rotation of radius during pronation/supination of forearm

79
Q

Define pubofemoral ligament

A

intrinsic ligament spanning from the pubis of the hip bone to the femur, on the anterior-inferior aspect of the hip joint

80
Q

Define radial collateral ligament

A

intrinsic ligament on the lateral side of the elbow joint; runs from the lateral epicondyle of humerus to merge with the annular ligament

81
Q

Define reposition

A

movement of the thumb from opposition back to the anatomical position (next to index finger)

82
Q

Define retraction

A

posterior motion of the scapula or mandible

83
Q

Define rotation

A

movement of a bone around a central axis (atlantoaxial joint) or around its long axis (proximal radioulnar joint; shoulder or hip joint); twisting of the vertebra column resulting from the summation of small motions between adjacent vertebrae

84
Q

Define rotator cuff

A

strong connective tissue structure formed by the fusion of four rotator cuff muscle tendons to the articular capsule of the shoulder joint; surrounds and supports superior, anterior, lateral, and posterior sides of the humeral head

85
Q

Define saddle joint

A

synovial joint in which the articulating ends of both bones are convex and concave in shape, such as at the first carpometacarpal joint at the base of the thumb; functionally classified as a biaxial joint

86
Q

Define subacromial bursa

A

bursa that protects the supraspinatus muscle tendon and superior end of the humerus from rubbing against the acromion of the scapula

87
Q

Define subcutaneous bursa

A

bursa that prevents friction between skin and an underlying bone

88
Q

Define submuscular bursa

A

bursa that prevents friction between bone and a muscle or between adjacent muscles

89
Q

Define subscapular bursa

A

bursa that prevents rubbing of the subscapularis muscle tendon against the scapula

90
Q

Define subtalar joint

A

articulation between the talus and calcaneus bones o the foot; allows motions that contribute to inversion/eversion of the foot

91
Q

Define subtendinous bursa

A

bursa that prevents friction between bone and a muscle tendon

92
Q

Define superior rotation

A

movement of the scapula during upper limb abduction in which the glenoid cavity of the scapula moves in an upward direction as the medial end of the scapular spine moves in a downward direction

93
Q

Define supinated position

A

forearm position in which the palm faces anteriorly (anatomical positon)

94
Q

Define superior rotation

A

movement of the scapula during upper limb abduction in which the glenoid cavity of the scapula moves in an upward direction as the medial end of the scapular spine move in a downward direction

95
Q

Define supination

A

forearm motion that moves the palm of the hand from the palm backward to the palm of the hand from the palm backward to the palm forward position

96
Q

Define suture

A

fibrous joint that connects that bones of the skull (except the mandible); an immobile joint (synathrosis)

97
Q

Define symphysis

A

type of cartilaginous joint where the bones are joined by fibrocartilage

98
Q

Define synarthrosis

A

immobile or nearly immobile joint

99
Q

Define synchondrosis

A

type of cartilaginous joint where the bones are joined by hyaline cartilage

100
Q

Define syndesmosis

A

type of fibrous joint in which two separated, parallel bones are connected by an interosseous membrane

101
Q

Define synostosis

A

site at which adjacent bones or bony components have fused together

102
Q

Define synovial fluid

A

thick, lubricating fluid that fills the interior of a synovial joint

103
Q

Define synovial joint

A

joint at which the articulating surfaces of the bones are located within a joint cavity formed by an articular capsule

104
Q

Define synovial membrane

A

thin layer that lines the inner surface of the joint cavity at a synovial joint; produces the synovial fluid

105
Q

Define talocrural joint

A

ankle joint; articulation between the talus bone of the foot and medial malleolus of the tibia, distal tibia, and lateral malleolus of the fibula; a uniaxial hinge joint that allows only for dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the foot

106
Q

Define temporomanidbular joint (TMJ)

A

articulation between the condyle of the mandible and the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone of the skull, allows for depression/elevation (opening/closing of the mouth), protraction/retraction, and side-to-side motions of the mandible

107
Q

Define tendon

A

dense connective tissue structure that anchors a muscle to bone

108
Q

Define tendon sheath

A

connective tissue that surrounds a tendon at places where the tendon crosses a joint; contains a lubricating fluid to prevent friction and allows smooth movements of the tendon

109
Q

Define tibial collateral ligament

A

extrinsic ligament of knee joint that spans from the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial tibia; resists hyperextension and rotation of extended knee

110
Q

Define ulnar collateral ligament

A

intrinsic ligament on the medial side of the elbow joint; spans from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the medial ulna

111
Q

Define uniaxial joint

A

type of diarthrosis; joint that allows for motion within only one plane (one axis)

112
Q

Define zygapophysial joints

A

facet joints; plane joint between the superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae

A & P 1 (10 decks)

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