Chapter 9 Flashcards
Define abduction
movement in the coronal plane that moves a limb laterally away from the body; spreading of the fingers
Define acetabular labrum
lip of fibrocartilage that surrounds outer margin of the acetabulum on the hip bone
Define adduction
movement in the coronal plane that moves a limb medially toward or across the midline of the body; bringing fingers together
Define amphiarthrosis
slightly mobile joint
Define annular ligament
intrinsic ligament of the elbow articular capsule that surrounds and supports the head of the radius as the proximal radioulnar joint
Define anterior talofibular ligament
intrinsic ligament located on the lateral side of the ankle joint between talus bone and malleolus of fibula; supports talus at the talocrural joint and resists excess inversion of the foot
Define anterior cruciate ligament
intrascapular ligament of the knee; extends from anterior, superior surface of the tibia to the inner aspect of the lateral condyle of the femur, resists hyperextension of knee
Define articular capsule
connective tissue structure that encloses the joint cavity of the synovial joint
Define articular cartilage
thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articulating surfaces of bones at a synovial joint
Define articular disc
meniscus; fibrocartilage structure found between the bones of some synovial joints; provides padding or smooths movements between the bones; strongly unites the bones together
Define articulation
joint of the body
Define atlanto-occipital joint
articulation between the occipital condyle of the skull and the superior articular processes of the atlas (c1 vertebrae)
Define atlantoaxial joint
series of three articulations between the atlas (C1) vertebra and the axis (C2) vertebra, consisting of the joints betwen the inferior articular processes of C1 and the superior articular processes of C2, and the articulation between the dens of the C2, and the articulation between the dens of C2 and the anterior arch of C1
Define ball-and-socket joint
synovial joint formed between the spherical end of one bone (the ball) that fits into the depression of a second bone (the socket); found at the hip and shoulder joints; functionally classified as a mutliaxial joint
Define biaxial joint
type of diarthrosis; a joint that allows for movements within two planes (two axes)
Define bursa
connective tissue sac containing lubricating fluid that prevents friction between adjacent structures, such as skin and bone, tendons and bone, or between muscles
Define calcaneofibular ligament
intrinsic tissue sac containing lubricating fluid that prevents friction between adjacent structures, such as skin and bone, tendons and bone, or between muscles
Define cartilaginous joint
joint at which the bones are united by hyaline cartilage (synchondrosis) or fibrocartilage (symphysis)
Define circumduction
circular motion of the arm, thigh, hand, thumb, or finger that is produced by the sequential combination of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction
Define condyloid joint
synovial joint in which the shallow depression at the end of one bone receives a rounded end from a second bone or a rounded structure formed by two bones; found at metacarpophalangeal joints of the wrist; functionally classified as a biaxial joint
Define coracohumeral ligament
intrinsic ligament of the shoulder joint; runs from the coracoid process of the scapula to the anterior humerus
Define deltoid ligament
broad intrinsic ligament located on the medial side of the ankle joint; supports the talus at the talocrural joint and resists excess eversion of the foot
Define depression
downward (inferior) motion of the scapula or mandible
Define diarthrosis
freely mobile joint