Chapter 7 Flashcards
1
Q
Define alveolar process of the mandible
A
upper border of mandibular body that contains the lower teeth
2
Q
Define alveolar process o the maxilla
A
curved, inferior margin of the maxilla that supports and anchors the upper teeth
3
Q
Define angle of the mandible
A
rounded corner located at outside margin of the body and ramus junction
4
Q
Define angle of the rib
A
portion of the rib with greatest curvature; together, the rib angles form the most posterior extent of the thoracic cage
5
Q
Define anterior (ventral) sacral foramen
A
one of the series of paired openings located on the anterior side of the sacrum
6
Q
Define anterior arch
A
anterior portion of the ring-like C1 (atlas) vertebral disc, which is strongly anchored to the bodies of the adjacent vertebrae
7
Q
Define anterior cranial fossa
A
shallowest and most anterior cranial fossa of the cranial base that extends from the frontal bone to the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
8
Q
Define anterior longitudinal ligament
A
ligament that runs the length of the vertebral column, uniting the anterior aspects of the vertebral bodies
9
Q
Define anulus fibrosus
A
tough, fibrous outer portion of an intervertebral disc, which is strongly anchored to the bodies of the adjacent vertebrae
10
Q
Define articular tubercle
A
smooth ridge located on the inferior skull, immediately anterior to the mandibular fossa
11
Q
Define appendicular skeleton
A
all bones o the upper and lower limbs, plus the girdle bones that attach each limb to the axial skeleton
12
Q
Define atlas
A
first cervical C1 vertebra
13
Q
Define axial skeleton
A
central, vertical axis of the body, including the skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage
14
Q
Define axis
A
second cervical C2 vertebra
15
Q
Define body of the rib
A
shaft portion of a rib
16
Q
Define brain case
A
portion of the skill that contains and protects the brain, consisting of the eight bones that form the cranial base and rounded upper skull
17
Q
Define calvaria
A
rounded top of the skull, aka skull cap
18
Q
Define carotid canal
A
zig-zag tunnel providing passage through the base of the skull for the internal carotid artery to the brain; begins anteromedial to the styloid process and terminates in the middle cranial cavity, near the posterior-lateral base of the sella turcucia
19
Q
Define cervical curve
A
posteriorly concave curvature of the cervical vertebral column region; a secondary curve of the vertebral column
20
Q
Define cervical vertebrae
A
seven vertebrae numbered as C1-C7 that are located in the neck region of the vertebral column
21
Q
Define clavicular notch
A
paired notches located on the superior-lateral sides off the sternal manubrium, for articulation with the clavicle
22
Q
Define coccyx
A
small bone located at inferior end of the adult vertebral column that is formed by the fusion of four coccygeal vertebrae; also referred to as the ‘tailbone’
23
Q
Define condylar process of the mandible
A
thickened upward projection from posterior margin of mandibular ramus
24
Q
Define condyle
A
oval-shaped process located at the top of the condylar process of the mandible
25
Define coronal suture
joint that unites the frontal bone to the right and left parietal bones across the top of the skull
26
Define coronoid process of the mandible
flattened upward projection from the anterior margin of the mandibular ramus
27
Define costal cartilage
hyaline cartilage structure attached to the anterior end of each rib that provides for either direct or indirect attachment of most ribs to the sternum
28
Define costal facet
site on the lateral sides of a thoracic vertebra for articulation with the head of a rib
29
Define costal groove
shallow groove along the inferior margin of a rib that provides passage for blood vessels and a nerve
30
Define cranial cavity
interior space of the skull that houses the brain
31
Define cranium
skull
32
Define cribriform plate
small, flattened areas with numerous small openings, located to either side of the midline in the floor off the anterior cranial fossa; formed by the ethmoid bone
33
Define crista galli
small upward projection located at the midline in the floor of the anterior cranial fossa; formed by the ethmoid bone
34
Define dens
bony projection (odontoid process) that extends upward from the body of the C2 (axis) vertebra
35
Define ear ossicles
three small bones located in the middle ear cavity that serve to transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear
36
Define ethmoid air cell
one of several small, air-filled spaces located within the lateral sides of the ethmoid bone, between the orbit and upper nasal cavity
37
Define ethmoid bone
unpaired bone that forms the roof and upper, lateral walls of the nasal cavity, portions of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and medial wall of orbit, and the upper portion of the nasal septum
38
Define external acoustic meatus
ear canal opening located on the lateral side of the skull
39
Define external occipital protuberance
small bump located at the midline of the posterior skull
40
Define facet
small, flattened area on a bone for an articulation (joint) with another bone, or for muscle attachment
41
Define facial bones
fourteen bones that support the facial structures and form the upper and lower jaws ad the hard palate
42
Define false ribs
vertebrochondral ribs 8-12 whose costal cartilage either attaches indirectly to the sternum via the costal cartilage of the next higher rib or does not attach to the sternum at all
43
Define floating ribs
vertebral ribs 11-12 that do not attach to the sternum or to the costal cartilage of another rib
44
Define fontanelle
expanded area of fibrous connective tissue that separates the brain case bones of the skull prior to birth and during the first year after birth
45
Define foramen lacerum
irregular opening in the base of the skull, located inferior to the exit of carotid canal
46
Define foramen magnum
large opening in the occipital bone of the skull through which the spinal cord emerges and the vertebral arteries enter the cranium
47
Define foramen ovale of the middle cranial fossa
oval-shaped opening in the floor of the middle cranial fossa
48
Define foramen rotundum
round opening in the floor off he middle cranial fossa, located between the superior orbital fissure and foramen ovale
49
Define foramen spinosum
small opening in the floor of the middle cranial fossa, located lateral to the foramen ovale
50
Define frontal bone
unpaired bone that forms forehead, rood of orbit, and floor of anterior cranial fossa
51
Define frontal sinus
air-filled space within the frontal bone, most anterior of the paranasa sinuses
52
Define glabella
slight depression of frontal bone, located at the midline between the eyebrows
53
Define greater wings of sphenoid bone
lateral projections of the sphenoid bone that form the anterior wall off he middle cranial fossa and an area of the lateral skull
54
Define hard palate
bony structure that forms the rood of the mouth and floor of the nasal cavity , formed by the palatine process of the maxillary bones and the horizontal plate of the palatine bones
55
Define head of rib
posterior end of a rib that articulates with the bodies of thoracic vertebrae
56
Define horizontal plate
medial extension from the palatine bone that forms the posterior quarter of the hard palate
57
Define hyoid bone
small, u-shaped bone located in upper neck that does not contact any other bone
58
Define hypoglossal canal
paired openings that pass anteriorly from the anterior-lateral margins of the foramen magnum deep to the occipital condyles
59
Define hypophyseal (pituitary) fossa
shallow depression of top of the sella turcica that houses the pituitary (hypophyseal) gland
60
Define inferior articular process
bony process that extends downward from the vertebral arch of a vertebra that articulates with the superior articular process of the next lower vertebra
61
Define nasal concha
one of the paired bones that project from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity to form the largest and most inferior of the nasal conchae
62
Define infraorbital foramen
opening located on anterior skull, below the orbit
63
Define infratemporal fossa
space on lateral side of skull, below the level of the zygomatic arch and deep (medial) to the ramus of the mandible
64
Define internal acoustic meatus
opening into petrous ridge, located on the lateral wall of the posterior cranial fossa
65
Define intervertebral foramen
opening located between the adjacent vertebrae for exit of a spinal nerve
66
Define jugular (suprasternal) notch
shallow notch located on superior surface of sternal manubrium
67
Define jugular foramen
irregularly shaped located in the lateral floor of the posterior cranial cavity
68
Define kyphosis
excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic vertebral column region
69
Define lacrimal bone
paired bones that contribute to the anterior- medial wall of each orbit
70
Define lacrimal fossa
shallow depression in the anterior-medial wall of each orbit
71
Define lambdoid suture
inverted v-shaped joint that unites the occipital bone t the right and left parietal bones on the posterior skull
72
Define lamina
portion of the vertebral arch on each vertebra that extends between the transverse and spinous process
73
Define lateral pterygoid plate
paired, flattened bony projections of the sphenoid bone located on the inferior skull, lateral to the medial pterygoid plate
74
Define lateral sacral crest
paired irregular ridges running down the lateral sides of the posterior sacrum that was formed by the fusion of the transverse processes from the five sacral vertebrae
75
Define lesser wings of the sphenoid bone
lateral extensions of the sphenoid bone that form the bony lip separating the anterior and middle cranial fossae
76
Define ligamentum flavum
series of short ligaments that unite the lamina of adjacent vertebrae
77
Define lingula
small flap of bone located on the inner (medial) surface of mandibular foramen
78
Define lordosis
excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar vertebral column region. aka swayback
79
Define lumbar curve
posteriorly concave curvature of the lumbar vertebral column region; a secondary curve of the vertebral column
80
Define lumbar vertebrae
five vertebrae numbered as L1-L15 that are located in lumbar region (lower back) of the vertebral column
81
Define Mandible
unpaired bone that forms the lower jaw bone; the only moveable bone of the skull
82
Define mandible foramen
opening located on the inner (medial) surface off the mandibular ramus
83
Define mandibular fossa
oval depression located on the inferior surface of the skull
84
Define mandibular notch
large U-shaped notch located between the condylar process and coronoid process of the mandible
85
Define manubrium
expanded, superior portion of the sternum
86
Define mastoid process
large bony prominence on the inferior, lateral skull, just behind the earlobe
87
Define maxillary bone
paired bone that form the upper jaw and anterior portion of the hard palate
88
Define maxillary sinus
air-filled space located with each maxillary bone, largest of the paranasal sinuses
89
Define medial pterygoid plate
paired, flattened bony projections of the sphenoid bone located on the inferior skull medial to the lateral pterygoid plate; form the posterior portion of the nasal cavity lateral wall
90
Define median sacral crest
irregular ridge running down the midline of the posterior sacrum that was formed from the fusion of the spinous processes of the five sacral vertebrae
91
Define mental foramen
opening located on the anterior-lateral side of the mandibular body
92
Define mental protuberance
inferior margin of anterior mandible that forms the chin
93
Define middle cranial fossa
centrally located cranial fossa that extends from the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone to the petrous ridge
94
Define nasal concha
nasal concha formed by the ethmoid bone that is located between the superior and inferior conchae
95
Define mylohyoid line
bony ridge located along the inner (medial) surface of the mandibular body
96
Define nasal bone
paired bones that form the base of the nose
97
Define nasal cavity
opening through skull for passage of air
98
Define nasal conchae
curved bony plates that project from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity ; include the superior and middle nasal conchae, which are parts of ethmoid bone, and the independent inferior nasal conchae bone
99
Define nasal septum
flat, midline structure that divides the nasal cavity into halves, formed by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, vomer bone, and septal cartilage
100
Define nasolacrimal canal
passage for drainage of tears that extends downward from the medial anterior orbit to the nasal cavity, terminating behind the inferior nasal conchae
101
Define neck of rib
narrowed region of a rib, next to the rib head
102
Define notochord
rod-like structure along dorsal side of the early embryo; largely disappears during later development but does contribute to formation o the intervertebral discs
103
Define nuchal ligament
expanded portion of the supraspinous ligament within the posterior neck; interconnects the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae and attaches to the base of the skull
104
Define nucleus pulposus
gel-like central region of an intervertebral disc; provides for padding, weight-bearing and movement between adjacent vertebrae
105
Define occipital bone
unpaired bone that forms the posterior portions of the brain case and base of the skull
106
Define occipital condyle
paired, oval-shaped bony knobs located on the inferior skull, to either side of the foramen magnum
107
Define optic canal
opening spanning between middle cranial fossa and posterior orbit
108
Define orbit
bony socket that contains the eyeball and associated muscles
109
Define palatine bone
paired bones that form the posterior quarter of the hard palate and a small area in floor of the orbit
110
Define palatine process
medial projection from the maxilla bone thart forms the anterior three quarters of the hard palate
111
Define paranasal sinuses
cavities within the skill that are connected to the conchae that serve to warm and humidify, incoming air, produce mucus, and lighten the weight of the skill; consist of frontal, maxillary, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal sinuses
112
Define parietal bone
paired bones that form the upper, lateral sides of the skull; consist of frontal, maxillary, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal sinuses
113
Define pedicle
potion of the vertebral arch that extends from the vertebral body to the transverse process
114
Define perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
downward, midline extension of the ethmoid bone that form the superior portion of the nasal septum
115
Define petrous ridge
petrous portion of the temporal bone that forms a large, triangular ridge in the floor of the cranial cavity, seperating the middle and posterior cranial fossae; houses the middle and inner ear structures
116
Define posterior (dorsal) sacral foramen
one of the series of paired openings located on the posterior (dorsal) side of the sacrum
117
Define posterior arch
posterior portion of the ring-like C1 (atlas) vertebra
118
Define posterior cranial fossa
deepest and most posterior cranial fossa; extends from the petrous ridge to the occipital bone
119
Define posterior longitudinal ligament
ligament that runs the length of the vertebral column, uniting the posterior sides of the vertebral bodies
120
Define primary curve
anteriorly concave curvatures of the thoracic and sacrococcygeal regions that are retained from the original fetal curvature of the vertebral column
121
Define pterion
H-shaped suture junction region that unites the frontal, pareital, temporal, sphenoid bones on the lateral side of the skull
122
Define ramus of the mandible
vertical portion of the mandible
123
Define ribs
thin, curved bones of the chest wall
124
Define sacral canal
bony tunnel that runs through the sacrum
125
Define sacral foramina
series of paired openings for nerve exit located on both the anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) aspects of the sacrum
126
Define define sacral hiatus
inferior opening and termination of the sacral canal
127
Define sacral promontory
anterior lip of the base (superior end) of the sacrum
128
Define sacrococygeal curve
anteriorly concave curvature formed by the sacrum and coccyx; a primary curve of the vertebral column
129
Define sacrum
single bone located near the inferior end of the adult vertebral column that is formed by the fusion of five sacral vertebrae; forms the posterior portion of the pelvis
130
Define sagittal suture
joint that unites the right and left parietal bones at the midline along the top of the skull
131
Define sclerotome
medial portion of a somite consisting of mesenchyme tissue that will give rise to bone and cartilage and fibrous connective tissues
132
Define scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column
133
Define secondary curve
posteriorly concave curvature of the cervical and lumbar regions of the vertebral column that develop after the time of birth
134
Define sella turcica
elevated area of sphenoid bone located at midline of the middle cranial fossea
135
Define septal cartilage
flat cartilage structure that forms the anterior portion of the nasal septum
136
Define skeleton
bones of the body
137
Define skull
bony structure that forms the head, face, and jaws and protects the brain; consists of 22 bones
138
Define somite
one of the paired, repeating blocks of tissue located on either side of the notchchord in the early embryo
139
Define sphenoid bone
unpaired bine that forms central base of skull
140
Define sphenoid sinus
air-filled space located within the sphenoid bone; most posterior of the paranasal sinuses
141
Define spinous process
unpaired bony process that extends posteriorly from the vertebral arch of a vertebra
142
Define squamous suture
joint that unites the parietal bone to the squamous portion of the temporal bone of the lateral side of the skull
143
Define sternal angle
junction line between the manubrium and body of the sternum and the site of attachment of the second rib to the sternum
144
Define sternum
flattened bine located at the center of the anterior chest
145
Define styloid process
downward projecting, elongated bony process located on the inferior aspect of the skull
146
Define stylomastoid foramen
opening located on inferior skull, between the styloid process and mastoid process
147
Define superior articular process
bony processes that extend upward from the vertebral arch of a vertebra that articulates with the inferior articular process of the next higher vertebra
148
Define superior articular process of the sacrum
paired processes that extend upward from the sacrum to articulate processes from the L5 vertebra
149
Define superior nasal concha
smallest and most superiorly located on the nasal concha; formed the external occipital protuberance
150
Define superior nuchal line
paired bony lines on the posterior skull extend laterally from the external occipital protuberance
151
Define superior orbital fissure
irregularly shaped opening between the middle cranial fossa and the posterior orbit
152
Define supraorbital foramen
opening located on anterior skull, at the superior margin of the orbit
153
Define supraorbital margin
superior margin of the orbit
154
Define supraspinous ligament
ligament that interconnects the spinous processes of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
155
Define suture
junction line at which adjacent bones of the skull are united by fibrous connective tissue
156
Define temporal bone
paired bones that form the lateral, inferior portions of the skull, with squamous, mastoid and petrous portions
157
Define temporal fossa
shallow space on the lateral side o the skull, above the level of zygomatic arch
158
Define temporal process of the zygomatic bone
short extension from the zygomatic bone that forms the anterior portion of the zygomatic arch
159
Define thoracic cage
consists of 12 pairs of ribs and sternum
160
Define thoracic curve
anteriorly concave curvature of the thoracic vertebral column region; a primary curve of the vertebral column
161
Define thoracic vertebrae
twelve vertebrae numbered as T1-T12 that are located in the thoracic region (upper back) of the vertebral column
162
Define transverse process
paired bony processes that extends laterally from the vertebral arch of a vertebra
163
Define true ribs
vertebrosternal ribs 1-7 that attach via their costal cartilage directly to the sternum
164
Define tubercle of the rib
small bump on the posterior side of a rib for articulation with the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra
165
Define vertebra
individual bine in the neck and back regions of the vertebral column
166
Define vertebral canal
bony passageway with in the vertebral column for the spinal cord that is formed by the series of individual vertebral foramina
167
Define vertebral arch
bony arch formed by the posterior portion of each vertebra that surrounds and protects the spinal cord
168
Define vertebral column
entire sequence of bones that extends from the skull to the tailbone
169
Define vertebral foramen
opening associated with each vertebra defined by the vertebral arch that provides passage for the spinal cord
170
Define vomer bone
unpaired bone that forms the inferior ad posterior portions of the nasal septum
171
Define xiphoid process
small process that forms the inferior tip of the sternum
172
Define zygomatic arch
elongated, free- standing arch on the lateral skull, formed anteriorly by the temporal process of the zygomatic bone and posteriorly by the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
173
Define zygomatic bone
cheekbone, paired bones that contribute to the lateral orbit and anterior zygomatic arch
174
Define zygomatic process of the temporal bone
extension from the temporal bone that forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch
