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A & P 1 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Define alveolar process of the mandible

A

upper border of mandibular body that contains the lower teeth

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2
Q

Define alveolar process o the maxilla

A

curved, inferior margin of the maxilla that supports and anchors the upper teeth

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3
Q

Define angle of the mandible

A

rounded corner located at outside margin of the body and ramus junction

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4
Q

Define angle of the rib

A

portion of the rib with greatest curvature; together, the rib angles form the most posterior extent of the thoracic cage

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5
Q

Define anterior (ventral) sacral foramen

A

one of the series of paired openings located on the anterior side of the sacrum

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6
Q

Define anterior arch

A

anterior portion of the ring-like C1 (atlas) vertebral disc, which is strongly anchored to the bodies of the adjacent vertebrae

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7
Q

Define anterior cranial fossa

A

shallowest and most anterior cranial fossa of the cranial base that extends from the frontal bone to the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone

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8
Q

Define anterior longitudinal ligament

A

ligament that runs the length of the vertebral column, uniting the anterior aspects of the vertebral bodies

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9
Q

Define anulus fibrosus

A

tough, fibrous outer portion of an intervertebral disc, which is strongly anchored to the bodies of the adjacent vertebrae

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10
Q

Define articular tubercle

A

smooth ridge located on the inferior skull, immediately anterior to the mandibular fossa

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11
Q

Define appendicular skeleton

A

all bones o the upper and lower limbs, plus the girdle bones that attach each limb to the axial skeleton

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12
Q

Define atlas

A

first cervical C1 vertebra

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13
Q

Define axial skeleton

A

central, vertical axis of the body, including the skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage

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14
Q

Define axis

A

second cervical C2 vertebra

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15
Q

Define body of the rib

A

shaft portion of a rib

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16
Q

Define brain case

A

portion of the skill that contains and protects the brain, consisting of the eight bones that form the cranial base and rounded upper skull

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17
Q

Define calvaria

A

rounded top of the skull, aka skull cap

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18
Q

Define carotid canal

A

zig-zag tunnel providing passage through the base of the skull for the internal carotid artery to the brain; begins anteromedial to the styloid process and terminates in the middle cranial cavity, near the posterior-lateral base of the sella turcucia

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19
Q

Define cervical curve

A

posteriorly concave curvature of the cervical vertebral column region; a secondary curve of the vertebral column

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20
Q

Define cervical vertebrae

A

seven vertebrae numbered as C1-C7 that are located in the neck region of the vertebral column

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21
Q

Define clavicular notch

A

paired notches located on the superior-lateral sides off the sternal manubrium, for articulation with the clavicle

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22
Q

Define coccyx

A

small bone located at inferior end of the adult vertebral column that is formed by the fusion of four coccygeal vertebrae; also referred to as the ‘tailbone’

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23
Q

Define condylar process of the mandible

A

thickened upward projection from posterior margin of mandibular ramus

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24
Q

Define condyle

A

oval-shaped process located at the top of the condylar process of the mandible

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25
Q

Define coronal suture

A

joint that unites the frontal bone to the right and left parietal bones across the top of the skull

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26
Q

Define coronoid process of the mandible

A

flattened upward projection from the anterior margin of the mandibular ramus

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27
Q

Define costal cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage structure attached to the anterior end of each rib that provides for either direct or indirect attachment of most ribs to the sternum

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28
Q

Define costal facet

A

site on the lateral sides of a thoracic vertebra for articulation with the head of a rib

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29
Q

Define costal groove

A

shallow groove along the inferior margin of a rib that provides passage for blood vessels and a nerve

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30
Q

Define cranial cavity

A

interior space of the skull that houses the brain

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31
Q

Define cranium

A

skull

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32
Q

Define cribriform plate

A

small, flattened areas with numerous small openings, located to either side of the midline in the floor off the anterior cranial fossa; formed by the ethmoid bone

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33
Q

Define crista galli

A

small upward projection located at the midline in the floor of the anterior cranial fossa; formed by the ethmoid bone

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34
Q

Define dens

A

bony projection (odontoid process) that extends upward from the body of the C2 (axis) vertebra

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35
Q

Define ear ossicles

A

three small bones located in the middle ear cavity that serve to transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear

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36
Q

Define ethmoid air cell

A

one of several small, air-filled spaces located within the lateral sides of the ethmoid bone, between the orbit and upper nasal cavity

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37
Q

Define ethmoid bone

A

unpaired bone that forms the roof and upper, lateral walls of the nasal cavity, portions of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and medial wall of orbit, and the upper portion of the nasal septum

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38
Q

Define external acoustic meatus

A

ear canal opening located on the lateral side of the skull

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39
Q

Define external occipital protuberance

A

small bump located at the midline of the posterior skull

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40
Q

Define facet

A

small, flattened area on a bone for an articulation (joint) with another bone, or for muscle attachment

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41
Q

Define facial bones

A

fourteen bones that support the facial structures and form the upper and lower jaws ad the hard palate

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42
Q

Define false ribs

A

vertebrochondral ribs 8-12 whose costal cartilage either attaches indirectly to the sternum via the costal cartilage of the next higher rib or does not attach to the sternum at all

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43
Q

Define floating ribs

A

vertebral ribs 11-12 that do not attach to the sternum or to the costal cartilage of another rib

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44
Q

Define fontanelle

A

expanded area of fibrous connective tissue that separates the brain case bones of the skull prior to birth and during the first year after birth

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45
Q

Define foramen lacerum

A

irregular opening in the base of the skull, located inferior to the exit of carotid canal

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46
Q

Define foramen magnum

A

large opening in the occipital bone of the skull through which the spinal cord emerges and the vertebral arteries enter the cranium

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47
Q

Define foramen ovale of the middle cranial fossa

A

oval-shaped opening in the floor of the middle cranial fossa

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48
Q

Define foramen rotundum

A

round opening in the floor off he middle cranial fossa, located between the superior orbital fissure and foramen ovale

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49
Q

Define foramen spinosum

A

small opening in the floor of the middle cranial fossa, located lateral to the foramen ovale

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50
Q

Define frontal bone

A

unpaired bone that forms forehead, rood of orbit, and floor of anterior cranial fossa

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51
Q

Define frontal sinus

A

air-filled space within the frontal bone, most anterior of the paranasa sinuses

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52
Q

Define glabella

A

slight depression of frontal bone, located at the midline between the eyebrows

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53
Q

Define greater wings of sphenoid bone

A

lateral projections of the sphenoid bone that form the anterior wall off he middle cranial fossa and an area of the lateral skull

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54
Q

Define hard palate

A

bony structure that forms the rood of the mouth and floor of the nasal cavity , formed by the palatine process of the maxillary bones and the horizontal plate of the palatine bones

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55
Q

Define head of rib

A

posterior end of a rib that articulates with the bodies of thoracic vertebrae

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56
Q

Define horizontal plate

A

medial extension from the palatine bone that forms the posterior quarter of the hard palate

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57
Q

Define hyoid bone

A

small, u-shaped bone located in upper neck that does not contact any other bone

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58
Q

Define hypoglossal canal

A

paired openings that pass anteriorly from the anterior-lateral margins of the foramen magnum deep to the occipital condyles

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59
Q

Define hypophyseal (pituitary) fossa

A

shallow depression of top of the sella turcica that houses the pituitary (hypophyseal) gland

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60
Q

Define inferior articular process

A

bony process that extends downward from the vertebral arch of a vertebra that articulates with the superior articular process of the next lower vertebra

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61
Q

Define nasal concha

A

one of the paired bones that project from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity to form the largest and most inferior of the nasal conchae

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62
Q

Define infraorbital foramen

A

opening located on anterior skull, below the orbit

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63
Q

Define infratemporal fossa

A

space on lateral side of skull, below the level of the zygomatic arch and deep (medial) to the ramus of the mandible

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64
Q

Define internal acoustic meatus

A

opening into petrous ridge, located on the lateral wall of the posterior cranial fossa

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65
Q

Define intervertebral foramen

A

opening located between the adjacent vertebrae for exit of a spinal nerve

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66
Q

Define jugular (suprasternal) notch

A

shallow notch located on superior surface of sternal manubrium

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67
Q

Define jugular foramen

A

irregularly shaped located in the lateral floor of the posterior cranial cavity

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68
Q

Define kyphosis

A

excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic vertebral column region

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69
Q

Define lacrimal bone

A

paired bones that contribute to the anterior- medial wall of each orbit

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70
Q

Define lacrimal fossa

A

shallow depression in the anterior-medial wall of each orbit

71
Q

Define lambdoid suture

A

inverted v-shaped joint that unites the occipital bone t the right and left parietal bones on the posterior skull

72
Q

Define lamina

A

portion of the vertebral arch on each vertebra that extends between the transverse and spinous process

73
Q

Define lateral pterygoid plate

A

paired, flattened bony projections of the sphenoid bone located on the inferior skull, lateral to the medial pterygoid plate

74
Q

Define lateral sacral crest

A

paired irregular ridges running down the lateral sides of the posterior sacrum that was formed by the fusion of the transverse processes from the five sacral vertebrae

75
Q

Define lesser wings of the sphenoid bone

A

lateral extensions of the sphenoid bone that form the bony lip separating the anterior and middle cranial fossae

76
Q

Define ligamentum flavum

A

series of short ligaments that unite the lamina of adjacent vertebrae

77
Q

Define lingula

A

small flap of bone located on the inner (medial) surface of mandibular foramen

78
Q

Define lordosis

A

excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar vertebral column region. aka swayback

79
Q

Define lumbar curve

A

posteriorly concave curvature of the lumbar vertebral column region; a secondary curve of the vertebral column

80
Q

Define lumbar vertebrae

A

five vertebrae numbered as L1-L15 that are located in lumbar region (lower back) of the vertebral column

81
Q

Define Mandible

A

unpaired bone that forms the lower jaw bone; the only moveable bone of the skull

82
Q

Define mandible foramen

A

opening located on the inner (medial) surface off the mandibular ramus

83
Q

Define mandibular fossa

A

oval depression located on the inferior surface of the skull

84
Q

Define mandibular notch

A

large U-shaped notch located between the condylar process and coronoid process of the mandible

85
Q

Define manubrium

A

expanded, superior portion of the sternum

86
Q

Define mastoid process

A

large bony prominence on the inferior, lateral skull, just behind the earlobe

87
Q

Define maxillary bone

A

paired bone that form the upper jaw and anterior portion of the hard palate

88
Q

Define maxillary sinus

A

air-filled space located with each maxillary bone, largest of the paranasal sinuses

89
Q

Define medial pterygoid plate

A

paired, flattened bony projections of the sphenoid bone located on the inferior skull medial to the lateral pterygoid plate; form the posterior portion of the nasal cavity lateral wall

90
Q

Define median sacral crest

A

irregular ridge running down the midline of the posterior sacrum that was formed from the fusion of the spinous processes of the five sacral vertebrae

91
Q

Define mental foramen

A

opening located on the anterior-lateral side of the mandibular body

92
Q

Define mental protuberance

A

inferior margin of anterior mandible that forms the chin

93
Q

Define middle cranial fossa

A

centrally located cranial fossa that extends from the lesser wings of the sphenoid bone to the petrous ridge

94
Q

Define nasal concha

A

nasal concha formed by the ethmoid bone that is located between the superior and inferior conchae

95
Q

Define mylohyoid line

A

bony ridge located along the inner (medial) surface of the mandibular body

96
Q

Define nasal bone

A

paired bones that form the base of the nose

97
Q

Define nasal cavity

A

opening through skull for passage of air

98
Q

Define nasal conchae

A

curved bony plates that project from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity ; include the superior and middle nasal conchae, which are parts of ethmoid bone, and the independent inferior nasal conchae bone

99
Q

Define nasal septum

A

flat, midline structure that divides the nasal cavity into halves, formed by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, vomer bone, and septal cartilage

100
Q

Define nasolacrimal canal

A

passage for drainage of tears that extends downward from the medial anterior orbit to the nasal cavity, terminating behind the inferior nasal conchae

101
Q

Define neck of rib

A

narrowed region of a rib, next to the rib head

102
Q

Define notochord

A

rod-like structure along dorsal side of the early embryo; largely disappears during later development but does contribute to formation o the intervertebral discs

103
Q

Define nuchal ligament

A

expanded portion of the supraspinous ligament within the posterior neck; interconnects the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae and attaches to the base of the skull

104
Q

Define nucleus pulposus

A

gel-like central region of an intervertebral disc; provides for padding, weight-bearing and movement between adjacent vertebrae

105
Q

Define occipital bone

A

unpaired bone that forms the posterior portions of the brain case and base of the skull

106
Q

Define occipital condyle

A

paired, oval-shaped bony knobs located on the inferior skull, to either side of the foramen magnum

107
Q

Define optic canal

A

opening spanning between middle cranial fossa and posterior orbit

108
Q

Define orbit

A

bony socket that contains the eyeball and associated muscles

109
Q

Define palatine bone

A

paired bones that form the posterior quarter of the hard palate and a small area in floor of the orbit

110
Q

Define palatine process

A

medial projection from the maxilla bone thart forms the anterior three quarters of the hard palate

111
Q

Define paranasal sinuses

A

cavities within the skill that are connected to the conchae that serve to warm and humidify, incoming air, produce mucus, and lighten the weight of the skill; consist of frontal, maxillary, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal sinuses

112
Q

Define parietal bone

A

paired bones that form the upper, lateral sides of the skull; consist of frontal, maxillary, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal sinuses

113
Q

Define pedicle

A

potion of the vertebral arch that extends from the vertebral body to the transverse process

114
Q

Define perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

A

downward, midline extension of the ethmoid bone that form the superior portion of the nasal septum

115
Q

Define petrous ridge

A

petrous portion of the temporal bone that forms a large, triangular ridge in the floor of the cranial cavity, seperating the middle and posterior cranial fossae; houses the middle and inner ear structures

116
Q

Define posterior (dorsal) sacral foramen

A

one of the series of paired openings located on the posterior (dorsal) side of the sacrum

117
Q

Define posterior arch

A

posterior portion of the ring-like C1 (atlas) vertebra

118
Q

Define posterior cranial fossa

A

deepest and most posterior cranial fossa; extends from the petrous ridge to the occipital bone

119
Q

Define posterior longitudinal ligament

A

ligament that runs the length of the vertebral column, uniting the posterior sides of the vertebral bodies

120
Q

Define primary curve

A

anteriorly concave curvatures of the thoracic and sacrococcygeal regions that are retained from the original fetal curvature of the vertebral column

121
Q

Define pterion

A

H-shaped suture junction region that unites the frontal, pareital, temporal, sphenoid bones on the lateral side of the skull

122
Q

Define ramus of the mandible

A

vertical portion of the mandible

123
Q

Define ribs

A

thin, curved bones of the chest wall

124
Q

Define sacral canal

A

bony tunnel that runs through the sacrum

125
Q

Define sacral foramina

A

series of paired openings for nerve exit located on both the anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) aspects of the sacrum

126
Q

Define define sacral hiatus

A

inferior opening and termination of the sacral canal

127
Q

Define sacral promontory

A

anterior lip of the base (superior end) of the sacrum

128
Q

Define sacrococygeal curve

A

anteriorly concave curvature formed by the sacrum and coccyx; a primary curve of the vertebral column

129
Q

Define sacrum

A

single bone located near the inferior end of the adult vertebral column that is formed by the fusion of five sacral vertebrae; forms the posterior portion of the pelvis

130
Q

Define sagittal suture

A

joint that unites the right and left parietal bones at the midline along the top of the skull

131
Q

Define sclerotome

A

medial portion of a somite consisting of mesenchyme tissue that will give rise to bone and cartilage and fibrous connective tissues

132
Q

Define scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column

133
Q

Define secondary curve

A

posteriorly concave curvature of the cervical and lumbar regions of the vertebral column that develop after the time of birth

134
Q

Define sella turcica

A

elevated area of sphenoid bone located at midline of the middle cranial fossea

135
Q

Define septal cartilage

A

flat cartilage structure that forms the anterior portion of the nasal septum

136
Q

Define skeleton

A

bones of the body

137
Q

Define skull

A

bony structure that forms the head, face, and jaws and protects the brain; consists of 22 bones

138
Q

Define somite

A

one of the paired, repeating blocks of tissue located on either side of the notchchord in the early embryo

139
Q

Define sphenoid bone

A

unpaired bine that forms central base of skull

140
Q

Define sphenoid sinus

A

air-filled space located within the sphenoid bone; most posterior of the paranasal sinuses

141
Q

Define spinous process

A

unpaired bony process that extends posteriorly from the vertebral arch of a vertebra

142
Q

Define squamous suture

A

joint that unites the parietal bone to the squamous portion of the temporal bone of the lateral side of the skull

143
Q

Define sternal angle

A

junction line between the manubrium and body of the sternum and the site of attachment of the second rib to the sternum

144
Q

Define sternum

A

flattened bine located at the center of the anterior chest

145
Q

Define styloid process

A

downward projecting, elongated bony process located on the inferior aspect of the skull

146
Q

Define stylomastoid foramen

A

opening located on inferior skull, between the styloid process and mastoid process

147
Q

Define superior articular process

A

bony processes that extend upward from the vertebral arch of a vertebra that articulates with the inferior articular process of the next higher vertebra

148
Q

Define superior articular process of the sacrum

A

paired processes that extend upward from the sacrum to articulate processes from the L5 vertebra

149
Q

Define superior nasal concha

A

smallest and most superiorly located on the nasal concha; formed the external occipital protuberance

150
Q

Define superior nuchal line

A

paired bony lines on the posterior skull extend laterally from the external occipital protuberance

151
Q

Define superior orbital fissure

A

irregularly shaped opening between the middle cranial fossa and the posterior orbit

152
Q

Define supraorbital foramen

A

opening located on anterior skull, at the superior margin of the orbit

153
Q

Define supraorbital margin

A

superior margin of the orbit

154
Q

Define supraspinous ligament

A

ligament that interconnects the spinous processes of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

155
Q

Define suture

A

junction line at which adjacent bones of the skull are united by fibrous connective tissue

156
Q

Define temporal bone

A

paired bones that form the lateral, inferior portions of the skull, with squamous, mastoid and petrous portions

157
Q

Define temporal fossa

A

shallow space on the lateral side o the skull, above the level of zygomatic arch

158
Q

Define temporal process of the zygomatic bone

A

short extension from the zygomatic bone that forms the anterior portion of the zygomatic arch

159
Q

Define thoracic cage

A

consists of 12 pairs of ribs and sternum

160
Q

Define thoracic curve

A

anteriorly concave curvature of the thoracic vertebral column region; a primary curve of the vertebral column

161
Q

Define thoracic vertebrae

A

twelve vertebrae numbered as T1-T12 that are located in the thoracic region (upper back) of the vertebral column

162
Q

Define transverse process

A

paired bony processes that extends laterally from the vertebral arch of a vertebra

163
Q

Define true ribs

A

vertebrosternal ribs 1-7 that attach via their costal cartilage directly to the sternum

164
Q

Define tubercle of the rib

A

small bump on the posterior side of a rib for articulation with the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra

165
Q

Define vertebra

A

individual bine in the neck and back regions of the vertebral column

166
Q

Define vertebral canal

A

bony passageway with in the vertebral column for the spinal cord that is formed by the series of individual vertebral foramina

167
Q

Define vertebral arch

A

bony arch formed by the posterior portion of each vertebra that surrounds and protects the spinal cord

168
Q

Define vertebral column

A

entire sequence of bones that extends from the skull to the tailbone

169
Q

Define vertebral foramen

A

opening associated with each vertebra defined by the vertebral arch that provides passage for the spinal cord

170
Q

Define vomer bone

A

unpaired bone that forms the inferior ad posterior portions of the nasal septum

171
Q

Define xiphoid process

A

small process that forms the inferior tip of the sternum

172
Q

Define zygomatic arch

A

elongated, free- standing arch on the lateral skull, formed anteriorly by the temporal process of the zygomatic bone and posteriorly by the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

173
Q

Define zygomatic bone

A

cheekbone, paired bones that contribute to the lateral orbit and anterior zygomatic arch

174
Q

Define zygomatic process of the temporal bone

A

extension from the temporal bone that forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch

A & P 1 (10 decks)

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