Chapter 7 Flashcards
Define alveolar process of the mandible
upper border of mandibular body that contains the lower teeth
Define alveolar process o the maxilla
curved, inferior margin of the maxilla that supports and anchors the upper teeth
Define angle of the mandible
rounded corner located at outside margin of the body and ramus junction
Define angle of the rib
portion of the rib with greatest curvature; together, the rib angles form the most posterior extent of the thoracic cage
Define anterior (ventral) sacral foramen
one of the series of paired openings located on the anterior side of the sacrum
Define anterior arch
anterior portion of the ring-like C1 (atlas) vertebral disc, which is strongly anchored to the bodies of the adjacent vertebrae
Define anterior cranial fossa
shallowest and most anterior cranial fossa of the cranial base that extends from the frontal bone to the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
Define anterior longitudinal ligament
ligament that runs the length of the vertebral column, uniting the anterior aspects of the vertebral bodies
Define anulus fibrosus
tough, fibrous outer portion of an intervertebral disc, which is strongly anchored to the bodies of the adjacent vertebrae
Define articular tubercle
smooth ridge located on the inferior skull, immediately anterior to the mandibular fossa
Define appendicular skeleton
all bones o the upper and lower limbs, plus the girdle bones that attach each limb to the axial skeleton
Define atlas
first cervical C1 vertebra
Define axial skeleton
central, vertical axis of the body, including the skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage
Define axis
second cervical C2 vertebra
Define body of the rib
shaft portion of a rib
Define brain case
portion of the skill that contains and protects the brain, consisting of the eight bones that form the cranial base and rounded upper skull
Define calvaria
rounded top of the skull, aka skull cap
Define carotid canal
zig-zag tunnel providing passage through the base of the skull for the internal carotid artery to the brain; begins anteromedial to the styloid process and terminates in the middle cranial cavity, near the posterior-lateral base of the sella turcucia
Define cervical curve
posteriorly concave curvature of the cervical vertebral column region; a secondary curve of the vertebral column
Define cervical vertebrae
seven vertebrae numbered as C1-C7 that are located in the neck region of the vertebral column
Define clavicular notch
paired notches located on the superior-lateral sides off the sternal manubrium, for articulation with the clavicle
Define coccyx
small bone located at inferior end of the adult vertebral column that is formed by the fusion of four coccygeal vertebrae; also referred to as the ‘tailbone’
Define condylar process of the mandible
thickened upward projection from posterior margin of mandibular ramus
Define condyle
oval-shaped process located at the top of the condylar process of the mandible
Define coronal suture
joint that unites the frontal bone to the right and left parietal bones across the top of the skull
Define coronoid process of the mandible
flattened upward projection from the anterior margin of the mandibular ramus
Define costal cartilage
hyaline cartilage structure attached to the anterior end of each rib that provides for either direct or indirect attachment of most ribs to the sternum
Define costal facet
site on the lateral sides of a thoracic vertebra for articulation with the head of a rib
Define costal groove
shallow groove along the inferior margin of a rib that provides passage for blood vessels and a nerve
Define cranial cavity
interior space of the skull that houses the brain
Define cranium
skull
Define cribriform plate
small, flattened areas with numerous small openings, located to either side of the midline in the floor off the anterior cranial fossa; formed by the ethmoid bone
Define crista galli
small upward projection located at the midline in the floor of the anterior cranial fossa; formed by the ethmoid bone
Define dens
bony projection (odontoid process) that extends upward from the body of the C2 (axis) vertebra
Define ear ossicles
three small bones located in the middle ear cavity that serve to transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear
Define ethmoid air cell
one of several small, air-filled spaces located within the lateral sides of the ethmoid bone, between the orbit and upper nasal cavity
Define ethmoid bone
unpaired bone that forms the roof and upper, lateral walls of the nasal cavity, portions of the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and medial wall of orbit, and the upper portion of the nasal septum
Define external acoustic meatus
ear canal opening located on the lateral side of the skull
Define external occipital protuberance
small bump located at the midline of the posterior skull
Define facet
small, flattened area on a bone for an articulation (joint) with another bone, or for muscle attachment
Define facial bones
fourteen bones that support the facial structures and form the upper and lower jaws ad the hard palate
Define false ribs
vertebrochondral ribs 8-12 whose costal cartilage either attaches indirectly to the sternum via the costal cartilage of the next higher rib or does not attach to the sternum at all
Define floating ribs
vertebral ribs 11-12 that do not attach to the sternum or to the costal cartilage of another rib
Define fontanelle
expanded area of fibrous connective tissue that separates the brain case bones of the skull prior to birth and during the first year after birth
Define foramen lacerum
irregular opening in the base of the skull, located inferior to the exit of carotid canal
Define foramen magnum
large opening in the occipital bone of the skull through which the spinal cord emerges and the vertebral arteries enter the cranium
Define foramen ovale of the middle cranial fossa
oval-shaped opening in the floor of the middle cranial fossa
Define foramen rotundum
round opening in the floor off he middle cranial fossa, located between the superior orbital fissure and foramen ovale
Define foramen spinosum
small opening in the floor of the middle cranial fossa, located lateral to the foramen ovale
Define frontal bone
unpaired bone that forms forehead, rood of orbit, and floor of anterior cranial fossa
Define frontal sinus
air-filled space within the frontal bone, most anterior of the paranasa sinuses
Define glabella
slight depression of frontal bone, located at the midline between the eyebrows
Define greater wings of sphenoid bone
lateral projections of the sphenoid bone that form the anterior wall off he middle cranial fossa and an area of the lateral skull
Define hard palate
bony structure that forms the rood of the mouth and floor of the nasal cavity , formed by the palatine process of the maxillary bones and the horizontal plate of the palatine bones
Define head of rib
posterior end of a rib that articulates with the bodies of thoracic vertebrae
Define horizontal plate
medial extension from the palatine bone that forms the posterior quarter of the hard palate
Define hyoid bone
small, u-shaped bone located in upper neck that does not contact any other bone
Define hypoglossal canal
paired openings that pass anteriorly from the anterior-lateral margins of the foramen magnum deep to the occipital condyles
Define hypophyseal (pituitary) fossa
shallow depression of top of the sella turcica that houses the pituitary (hypophyseal) gland
Define inferior articular process
bony process that extends downward from the vertebral arch of a vertebra that articulates with the superior articular process of the next lower vertebra
Define nasal concha
one of the paired bones that project from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity to form the largest and most inferior of the nasal conchae
Define infraorbital foramen
opening located on anterior skull, below the orbit
Define infratemporal fossa
space on lateral side of skull, below the level of the zygomatic arch and deep (medial) to the ramus of the mandible
Define internal acoustic meatus
opening into petrous ridge, located on the lateral wall of the posterior cranial fossa
Define intervertebral foramen
opening located between the adjacent vertebrae for exit of a spinal nerve
Define jugular (suprasternal) notch
shallow notch located on superior surface of sternal manubrium
Define jugular foramen
irregularly shaped located in the lateral floor of the posterior cranial cavity
Define kyphosis
excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic vertebral column region
Define lacrimal bone
paired bones that contribute to the anterior- medial wall of each orbit