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A & P 1 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Define acne

A

skin condition due to infected sebaceous glands

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2
Q

Define albinism

A

genetic disorder that affects the skin, in which there is no melanin production

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3
Q

Define anagen

A

active phase of the hair growth cycle

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4
Q

Define apocrine sweat gland

A

type of sweat gland that is associated with hair follicles in the armpits and genital regions

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5
Q

Define arrector pili

A

smooth muscle that is activated in response to external stimuli that pull on hair follicles and make the hair “stand up”

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6
Q

Define basal cell

A

type of stem cell found in the stratum basale and in the hair matrix that continually undergoes cell division, producing the keratinocytes of the epidermis

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7
Q

Define basal cell carcinoma

A

cancer that originates from basal cells in the epidermis of the skin

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8
Q

Define bedsore

A

sore of the skin that develops when regions of the body start necrotizing due to constant pressure and lack off blood supply; also called decubitis ulcers

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9
Q

Define callus

A

thickened area of skin that arises due to constant abrasion

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10
Q

Define catagen

A

transitional phase marking the end of the anagen phase of the hair growth cycle

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11
Q

Define corn

A

type of callus that is named for its shape and the elliptical motion of the abrasive force

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12
Q

Define cortex

A

in hair, the second or middle layer of kertinocytes originating from the hair matrix, as seen in cross-section of the hair bulb

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13
Q

Define cuticle

A

in hair, the outer most layer of kerantinocytes originating from the hair matrix, as seen in a cross-section of their hair bulb `

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14
Q

Define dermal papilla

A

extension off the papillary layer of the dermis that increases surface contact between the epidermis and dermis

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15
Q

Define dermis

A

layer of skin between the epidermis and hypodermis, composed mainly of connective tissue and containing blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands and other structures

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16
Q

Define demosome

A

structure that forms an impermeable junction between cells

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17
Q

Define eccrine sweat gland

A

type of sweat gland that is common throughout the skin surface, it produces a hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation

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18
Q

Define eczema

A

skin condition due to an allergic reaction which resembles a rash

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19
Q

Define elastin fibers

A

fibers made of the protein elastin that increase the elasticity of the dermis

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20
Q

Define eleiden

A

clear protein-bound lipid found in the stratum lucidum that is derived from keratohyalin and helps to prevent water loss

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21
Q

Define epidermis

A

outermost tissue layer of the skin

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22
Q

Define epoychium

A

nail fold that meets the proximal end off the nail body, also called the cuticle

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23
Q

Define external root sheath

A

outer layer of the hair follicle that is an extension off the epidermis, which encloses the hair root

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24
Q

Define first-degree burn

A

superficial burn that injure only the epidermis

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25
Q

Define fourth degree burn

A

burn in which full thickness off the skin and underlying muscle and bone is damaged

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26
Q

Define glassy membrane

A

layer of connective tissue that surrounds the base of the hair follicle, connecting it to the dermis

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27
Q

Define hair

A

kerantinous filament growing out of the epidermis

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28
Q

Define hair bulb

A

structure at the base of the hair root that surrounds the dermal papilla

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29
Q

Define hair follicle

A

cavity of sac from which hair originates

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30
Q

Define hair matrix

A

layer of basal cells from which a strand of hair grows

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31
Q

Define hair papilla

A

mas of connective tissue, blood capillaries and nerve endings at the base of the hair follicle

32
Q

Define hair root

A

part of hair that is below the epidermis anchored to the follicle

33
Q

Define hair shaft

A

part o the hair that is above the epidermis but is not anchored to the follicle

34
Q

Define hypodermis

A

connective tissue connecting the integument to the underlying bone and muscle

35
Q

Define hyponychium

A

thickened layer of stratum corneum that lies below free edge of the nail

36
Q

Define integumentary system

A

skin and its accessory structures

37
Q

Define internal root sheath

A

innermost layer of keratinocytes in the hair follicle that surround the hair root up to the hair shaft

38
Q

Define keloid

A

type of scar that layers raise above the skin surface

39
Q

Define keratin

A

type of structural protein that gives skin, hair, and nails it hard, water resistant properties

40
Q

Define kertinocyte

A

cell that produces keratin and is the most predominant type of cell found in the epidermis

41
Q

Define keratohyalin

A

granulated protein found in the stratum granulosum

42
Q

Define Langerhans cell

A

specialized dendritic cell found in the stratum spinosum that functions as a macrophage

43
Q

Define lunula

A

basal part of the nail body that consists of a crescent-shaped layer of thick epithelium

44
Q

Define medulla

A

in hair, the innermost layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix

45
Q

Define Meissner corpuscle

A

receptor in the skin that responds to light touch

46
Q

Define melanin

A

pigment that determines the color of hair and skin

47
Q

Define melanocyte

A

cell found in the stratum basale of the epidermis that produces the pigment melanin

48
Q

Define melanoma

A

type of skin cancer that originates from the melanocytes of the skin

49
Q

Define melansome

A

intercellular vesicle that transfers melanin from melanocytes unto keratinocytes of the epidermis

50
Q

Define Merkel cell

A

receptor cell in the stratum basale of the epidermis that responds to the sense of touch

51
Q

Define metastasis

A

spread of cancer cells from a source to other parts of the body

52
Q

Define nail bed

A

layer of epidermis upon which the nail body forms

53
Q

Define nail body

A

main keratinous plate that forms the nail,

54
Q

Define nail cuticle

A

fold of epithelium that extends over the nail bed, also called eponychium

55
Q

Define nail fold

A

fold of epithelium that extends over the sides of the nail body, holding it in place

56
Q

Define nail root

A

part of the nail that is lodged deep in the epidermis from the which the nail grows

57
Q

Define Pacinian corpuscle

A

receptor in the skin that responds to vibration

58
Q

Define papillary layer

A

superficial layer o the dermis, made of loose, areolar connective tissue

59
Q

Define reticular layer

A

deeper layer of the dermis; is has a reticulated appearance due to the presence of abundant collagen and elastin fibers

60
Q

Define rickets

A

disease in children caused by vitamin D deficiency, which leads to the weakening of bones

61
Q

Define scar

A

collagen-rich skin formed after the process off wound healing that is different from normal skin

62
Q

Define sebaceous gland

A

type of oil gland found in the dermis all over the body and helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair by secreting sebum

63
Q

Define sebum

A

oily substance that is composed of a mixture of lipids that lubricates the skin and hair

64
Q

Define second degree burn

A

partial thickness burns that injures the epidermis and a portion of the dermis

65
Q

Define squamous cell carcinoma

A

type of skin cancer that originates from the stratum spinosum of the epidermis

66
Q

Define stratum basale

A

deepest layer of the epidermis, made of epidermal stem cells

67
Q

Define stratum corneum

A

most superficial layer of epidermis

68
Q

Define stratum gra limingnulosum

A

layer of epidermis superficial to the stratum spinosum

69
Q

Define stratum lucidum

A

layer of epidermis between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum, found only in thick skin covering the palms, soles of the feet and digits

70
Q

Define stratum spinosum

A

layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum basale, characterized by the presence of desosomes

71
Q

Define stretch mark

A

mark formed on the skin due to a sudden growth spurt and expansion of the dermis beyond its elastic limits

72
Q

Define sudoriferous gland

A

sweat gland

73
Q

Define telogen

A

resting phase of the hair growth cycle initited with catagen and terminated by the beginning of a new anagen phase of hair growth

74
Q

Define third degree burn

A

burn that penetrates and destroys the full thickness of the skin (epidermis)

75
Q

Define vitamin D

A

compound that aids absorption of calcium and phosphates int he intestine to improve bone health

76
Q

Define vitiligo

A

skin condition in which melancytes in certain areas lose the ability to produce the melanin, possibly due to an autoimmune reaction that leads to loss of color in patches

A & P 1 (10 decks)

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