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Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Abdominopelvic cavity

A

division off the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera

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2
Q

Define Anabolism

A

assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules

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3
Q

Define Anatomical Position

A

Standard reference position used for describing locations and directions on the human body

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4
Q

Define Anatomy

A

Science that studies the form and composition off the body’s structures

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5
Q

Define Anterior

A

Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body: also referred to as ventral

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6
Q

Define Anterior Cavity

A

Large body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity;includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart and peritoneal` cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as ventral cavity

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7
Q

Define catabolism

A

breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules

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8
Q

Define caudal

A

describes a position below or lower than another part off the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part off the spinal column); also referred to as inferior

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9
Q

Define cell

A

Smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms; in animals, a cell contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles

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10
Q

Define computer tomography (CT)

A

Series of x-ray images taken from different angles around your body and use computer processing to create cross sectional images of the bones

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11
Q

Define control center

A

compares values to their normal range: deviations cause the activation of an effector

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12
Q

Define cranial

A

describes a position above or higher than another part off the body proper: also referred to as superior

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13
Q

Define cranial cavity

A

division of the posterior (dorsal) cavity that houses the brain

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14
Q

Define deep

A

describes a position farther from the surface off the body

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15
Q

Define development

A

Changes an organism goes through during its life

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16
Q

Define differentiation

A

process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function

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17
Q

Define distal

A

describes a position farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

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18
Q

Define dorsal

A

describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as posterior

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19
Q

Define dorsal cavity

A

posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to the posterior body cavity

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20
Q

Define effector

A

organ that can cause a change in a value

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21
Q

Define frontal plane

A

two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions

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22
Q

Define gross anatomy

A

study of the larger structures of the body, typically with the unaided eye; also referred to as macroscopic anatomy

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23
Q

Define growth

A

process of increasing in size

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24
Q

Define homeostasis

A

Steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain

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25
Define inferior
describes a position blow or lower that another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part o the spinal column); also referred to as caudal
26
Define lateral
describes the side or direction toward the side of the body
27
Define magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Uses large magnet and radio waves to look at organs and structures inside your body such as torn ligaments, tendons, brain or spinal cord
28
Define medial
describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body
29
Define metabolism
sum of all the body's chemical reactions
30
Define microscopic anatomy
study of very small structures of the body using magnification
31
Define negative feedback
homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body's physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed
32
Define normal range
range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center
33
Define nutrient
chemical obtained from foods and beverages that is critical to human survival
34
Define organ
functionally distinct structure composed o two or more types of tissues
35
Define organ system
group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function
36
Define organism
living being that ha a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life
37
Define pericardium
sac that encloses the heart
38
Define peritoneum
serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs found here
39
Define physiology
science that studies the chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of the body's functions
40
Define plane
imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body
41
Define pleura
serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs
42
Define positive feedback
mechanism that intensifies a change in the body's physiological condition in response to a stimulus
43
Define positron emission tomography(PET)
Uses radioactive substances to visualize and measure metabolic process in the body
44
Define posterior
describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as dorsal
45
Define posterior cavity
posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord: also referred to as a dorsal cavity
46
Define pressure
force exerted by a substance in contact with another substance
47
Define prone
face down
48
Define Proximal
describes a position nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body
49
Define regional anatomy
study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions
50
Define renewal
process by which worn-out cells are replaced
51
Define reproduction
process by which new organisms are generated
52
Define responsiveness
ability off an organisms or a system to adjust to changes in conditons
53
Define sagittal plane
two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides
54
Define section
in anatomy, a single flat surface of three-dimensional structure that has been cut through
55
Define sensor
(also, receptor) reports a monitored physiological value to the control center
56
Define serosa
membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serous membrane
57
Define serous membrane
membrane that cover organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serosa
58
Define set point
ideal value for a physiological parameter; the level or small range within with a physiological parameter such as blood pressure is stable and optimally healthful, that is, within its parameters of homeostasis
59
Define spinal cavity
division of the dorsal cavity that houses the spinal cord; also referred to as vertebral cavity
60
Define superficial
describes a position nearer to the surface of the body
61
Define superior
describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as cranial
62
Define supine
face up
63
Define systemic anatomy
study of the structures that contribute to specific body systems
64
Define thoracic cavity
division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the heart, lungs, esophagus and trachea
65
Define tissue
group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific function
66
Define transverse plane
two-dimensional, horizontal place that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions
67
Define Ultasonography
A procedure that uses high energy bound waves to look at tissues and organs inside of the body
68
Define ventral
describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as anterior
69
Define ventral cavity
larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs' pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as anterior body cavity
70
Define x-ray
Type of radiation called electromagnetic waves and imaging creates pictures of the inside of the body

A & P 1 (10 decks)

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