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A & P 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Abdominopelvic cavity

A

division off the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera

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2
Q

Define Anabolism

A

assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules

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3
Q

Define Anatomical Position

A

Standard reference position used for describing locations and directions on the human body

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4
Q

Define Anatomy

A

Science that studies the form and composition off the body’s structures

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5
Q

Define Anterior

A

Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body: also referred to as ventral

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6
Q

Define Anterior Cavity

A

Large body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity;includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart and peritoneal` cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as ventral cavity

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7
Q

Define catabolism

A

breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules

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8
Q

Define caudal

A

describes a position below or lower than another part off the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part off the spinal column); also referred to as inferior

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9
Q

Define cell

A

Smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms; in animals, a cell contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles

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10
Q

Define computer tomography (CT)

A

Series of x-ray images taken from different angles around your body and use computer processing to create cross sectional images of the bones

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11
Q

Define control center

A

compares values to their normal range: deviations cause the activation of an effector

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12
Q

Define cranial

A

describes a position above or higher than another part off the body proper: also referred to as superior

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13
Q

Define cranial cavity

A

division of the posterior (dorsal) cavity that houses the brain

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14
Q

Define deep

A

describes a position farther from the surface off the body

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15
Q

Define development

A

Changes an organism goes through during its life

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16
Q

Define differentiation

A

process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function

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17
Q

Define distal

A

describes a position farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

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18
Q

Define dorsal

A

describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as posterior

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19
Q

Define dorsal cavity

A

posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to the posterior body cavity

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20
Q

Define effector

A

organ that can cause a change in a value

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21
Q

Define frontal plane

A

two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions

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22
Q

Define gross anatomy

A

study of the larger structures of the body, typically with the unaided eye; also referred to as macroscopic anatomy

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23
Q

Define growth

A

process of increasing in size

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24
Q

Define homeostasis

A

Steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain

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25
Q

Define inferior

A

describes a position blow or lower that another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part o the spinal column); also referred to as caudal

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26
Q

Define lateral

A

describes the side or direction toward the side of the body

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27
Q

Define magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

Uses large magnet and radio waves to look at organs and structures inside your body such as torn ligaments, tendons, brain or spinal cord

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28
Q

Define medial

A

describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body

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29
Q

Define metabolism

A

sum of all the body’s chemical reactions

30
Q

Define microscopic anatomy

A

study of very small structures of the body using magnification

31
Q

Define negative feedback

A

homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body’s physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed

32
Q

Define normal range

A

range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center

33
Q

Define nutrient

A

chemical obtained from foods and beverages that is critical to human survival

34
Q

Define organ

A

functionally distinct structure composed o two or more types of tissues

35
Q

Define organ system

A

group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function

36
Q

Define organism

A

living being that ha a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life

37
Q

Define pericardium

A

sac that encloses the heart

38
Q

Define peritoneum

A

serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs found here

39
Q

Define physiology

A

science that studies the chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of the body’s functions

40
Q

Define plane

A

imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body

41
Q

Define pleura

A

serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs

42
Q

Define positive feedback

A

mechanism that intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition in response to a stimulus

43
Q

Define positron emission tomography(PET)

A

Uses radioactive substances to visualize and measure metabolic process in the body

44
Q

Define posterior

A

describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as dorsal

45
Q

Define posterior cavity

A

posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord: also referred to as a dorsal cavity

46
Q

Define pressure

A

force exerted by a substance in contact with another substance

47
Q

Define prone

A

face down

48
Q

Define Proximal

A

describes a position nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

49
Q

Define regional anatomy

A

study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions

50
Q

Define renewal

A

process by which worn-out cells are replaced

51
Q

Define reproduction

A

process by which new organisms are generated

52
Q

Define responsiveness

A

ability off an organisms or a system to adjust to changes in conditons

53
Q

Define sagittal plane

A

two-dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides

54
Q

Define section

A

in anatomy, a single flat surface of three-dimensional structure that has been cut through

55
Q

Define sensor

A

(also, receptor) reports a monitored physiological value to the control center

56
Q

Define serosa

A

membrane that covers organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serous membrane

57
Q

Define serous membrane

A

membrane that cover organs and reduces friction; also referred to as serosa

58
Q

Define set point

A

ideal value for a physiological parameter; the level or small range within with a physiological parameter such as blood pressure is stable and optimally healthful, that is, within its parameters of homeostasis

59
Q

Define spinal cavity

A

division of the dorsal cavity that houses the spinal cord; also referred to as vertebral cavity

60
Q

Define superficial

A

describes a position nearer to the surface of the body

61
Q

Define superior

A

describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as cranial

62
Q

Define supine

A

face up

63
Q

Define systemic anatomy

A

study of the structures that contribute to specific body systems

64
Q

Define thoracic cavity

A

division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the heart, lungs, esophagus and trachea

65
Q

Define tissue

A

group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific function

66
Q

Define transverse plane

A

two-dimensional, horizontal place that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions

67
Q

Define Ultasonography

A

A procedure that uses high energy bound waves to look at tissues and organs inside of the body

68
Q

Define ventral

A

describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as anterior

69
Q

Define ventral cavity

A

larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs’ pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as anterior body cavity

70
Q

Define x-ray

A

Type of radiation called electromagnetic waves and imaging creates pictures of the inside of the body

A & P 1 (10 decks)

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