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A & P 1 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Define acetabulum

A

large, cup shaped cavity located on the lateral side of the hip bone, formed by the junction of the ilium, pubis, and ischium portions of the hip bone

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2
Q

Define acromial end of the clavicle

A

lateral end of the clavicle that articulates with the acromion of the scapula

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3
Q

Define acromial process

A

acromion of the scapila

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4
Q

acromioclavicular joint

A

articulation between the acromion of the scapula and the acromial end of the clavicle

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5
Q

Define adductor tubercle

A

small, bony bump located on the superior aspect of the medial epicondyle of the femur

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6
Q

Define anatomical neck

A

line in the humerus located around the outside margin of the humeral head

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7
Q

Define ankle joint

A

joint that separates the leg and foot portion of the lower limb; formed by the articulations between the talus bone of the foot inferiorly, and the distal end of the tibia, medial malleolus of the tibia and lateral malleolus of the fibula superiorly

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8
Q

Define anterior border of the tibia

A

narrow, anterior margin of the tibia that extends inferiorly from the tibial tuberosity

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9
Q

Define anterior inferior iliac spine

A

small, bony projection located on the anterior margin of the ilium, below the anterior superior iliac spine

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10
Q

Define anterior sacroiliac ligament

A

strong ligament between the sacrum and the ilium portions of the hip bone that supports the anterior side off the sacroiliac joint

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11
Q

Define anterior superior iliac spine

A

rounded, anterior end of the iliac crest

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12
Q

Define apical ectodermal ridge

A

enlarged ridge of ectoderm at the distal end of a limb bud that stimulates growth and elongation of the limb

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13
Q

Define arcuate line of the ilium

A

smooth ridge located a the inferior margin of the iliac fossa; forms the lateral portion of the pelvic brim

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14
Q

Define arm

A

region of the upper limb located between the shoulder and elbow joints; contains the humerus bone

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15
Q

Define auricular surface of the ilium

A

roughened area located on the posterior, medial side of the ilium of the hip bone; articulates with the auricular surface of the sacrum to form the sacroiliac joint

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16
Q

Define base of the metatarsal bone

A

expanded, proximal end of each metatarsale bne

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17
Q

Define bicipital groove

A

intertubercular groove; narrow groove located between the greater ad lesser tubercles of the humerus

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18
Q

Define calcaneous

A

heel bone; posterior, inferior tarsal bone that forms the heel of the foot

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19
Q

Define capitate

A

from the lateral side, the third of the four distal carpal bones; articulate with the scaphoid and lunate proximally, the trapezoid laterally, the hamate medially, and primarily with the third metacarpal distally

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20
Q

Define capitulum

A

knob-like bony structure located anteriorly lateral, distal end of the humerus

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21
Q

Define carpal bone

A

one of the eight small bones that form the wrist and base of the hand; these are grouped as a proximal row consisting of (from lateral to medial) the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and pisiform bones, and a distal row containing (from lateral to medial) the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate bones

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22
Q

Define carpal tunnel

A

passageway between the anterior forearm and hand formed by the carpal bones and flexor retinaculum

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23
Q

Define carpometacarpal joint

A

articulation between one of the carpal bines in the distal row and a metacarpal one of the hand

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24
Q

Define clavicle

A

collarbone; elongated bone that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum medially and the acromion of the scapula laterally

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25
Q

Define coracoclavicular ligament

A

strong band of connective tissue that anchors the coracoid process of the scapula to the lateral clavicle;; provides important indirect support for the acromioclavicular joint

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26
Q

Define coracoid process

A

short, hook-like process that projects anteriorly and laterally from the superior margin of the scapula

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27
Q

Define coronoid fossa

A

depression on the anterior surface of the humerus above trochlea; this space receives the coronoid process o the ulna when the elbow is maximally flexed

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28
Q

Define coronoid process of the ulna

A

projecting bony lip located on the anterior, proximal ulna; forms the inferior margin of the trochlear notch

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29
Q

Define costoclavicular ligament

A

band of connective tissue that unites the medial clavicle with the first rib

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30
Q

Define coxal bone

A

hip bone

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31
Q

Define cuboid

A

tarsal bone that articulates posteriorly with the calcaneus bone, medially with the lateral cuneiform bone, and anteriorly with the fourth and fifth metatarsal bones

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32
Q

Define deltoid tuberosity

A

roughened, V shaped region located laterally on the mid-shaft of the humerus

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33
Q

Define distal radioulnar joint

A

articulation between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius

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34
Q

Define distal tibiofibular joint

A

articulation between the distal fibula and the fibular notch of the tibia

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35
Q

Define elbow joint

A

joint located between the upper arm and forearm regions of the upper limb, formed by the articulations between the trochea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna, and the capitulum of the humerus and the notch of the ulna and the capitulum of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna and the capitulum of the humerus and the head of the radius

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36
Q

Define femur

A

thigh bone, the single bone of the thigh

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37
Q

Define fibula

A

thin, non-weight bearing bone found on the lateral side of the let

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38
Q

Define fibular notch

A

wide groove on the lateral side of the distal tibia for articulation with the fibula at the distal tibiofibular joint

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39
Q

Define flexor retinaculum

A

strong band of connective tissue at the anterior wrist that spans the top of the U shaped grouping of the carpal bones to form the roof of the carpal tunnel

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40
Q

Define foot

A

potion of the lower limb located distal to the ankle joint

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41
Q

Define forearm

A

region of the upper limb located between the elbow and wrist joints; contains the radius and ulna bones

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42
Q

Define fossa

A

shallow depression on the surface of a bone

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43
Q

Define fovea capitis

A

minor indention on the head of the femur that serves as the site of attachment for the ligament to the head of the femur

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44
Q

Define glenohumeral joint

A

shoulder joint; formed by articulation between the glenoid cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus

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45
Q

Define glenoid cavity

A

(glenoid fossa) shallow depression located on the lateral scapula, between the superior and lateral borders

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46
Q

Define gluteal tuberosity

A

roughened area on the posterior side of the proximal femur, extending inferiorly from the base of the greater trochanter.

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47
Q

Define greater pelvis

A

broad space above the pelvic brim defined laterally by the fan-like portion of the upper ilium

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48
Q

Define greater sciatic foramen

A

pelvic opening formed by the greater sciatic notch of the hip bone, the sacrum, and the sacrospinous ligament

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49
Q

Define sciatic notch

A

large, U-shaped indentation located on the posterior margin of the ilium, superior to the ischial spine

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50
Q

Define greater trochaner

A

large, bony expansion of the femur the projects superiorly from the base of the femoral neck

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51
Q

Define greater tubercle

A

enlarged prominence located on the lateral side of the proximal humerus

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52
Q

Define hallux

A

big toe; digit 1 of the foot

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53
Q

Define hamate

A

from the lateral side, the fourth of the four distal carpal bones; articulates with the lunate and triquetrum proximally, the fourth and fifth metacarpals distally, and the capitate laterally

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54
Q

Define hand

A

region of the upper limb distal to the wrist joint

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55
Q

Define head of femur

A

rounded, proximal end of the femur that articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint.

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56
Q

Define head of the fibula

A

small, knob-like, proximal end of the fibula; articulates with the inferior aspect of the lateral condyle of the tibia

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57
Q

Define head of humerus

A

smooth, rounded region on the medial side of the proximal humerus; articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint.

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58
Q

Define head of the metatarsal bone

A

expanded, distal end of each metatarsal bone

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59
Q

Define head of the radius

A

disc-shaped structure that forms the proximal end of the radius; articulates with the capitulum of the humerus as part of the elbow joint, and with the radial notch of the ulna as part of the proximal radioulnar joint

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60
Q

Define head of the ulna

A

small, rounded distal end of the ulna; articulates with the ulnar notch of the distal radius, forming the distal radioulnar joint

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61
Q

Define hip bone

A

coxal bone; single bone forms the pelvic girdle; consists of three areas, the ilium, ischium, and pubis

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62
Q

Define hip joint

A

joint located at the proximal end of the lower limb; formed by the articulation between the acetabulum of the hip bone and the head of the femur

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63
Q

Define hook of the hamate bone

A

bony extension located on the anterior side of the hamate carpal bone

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64
Q

Define humerus

A

single bone of the upper arm

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65
Q

Define humerus

A

single bone of the upper arm

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66
Q

Define iliac crest

A

curved, superior margin of the ilium

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67
Q

Define iliac fossa

A

shallow depression found on the anterior and medial surfaces of the upper ilium

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68
Q

Define iliac fossa

A

shallow depression found on the anterior and medial surfaces of the upper ilium

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69
Q

Define ilium

A

superior portion of the hip bone

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70
Q

Define inferior angle of the scapula

A

inferior corner of the scapula located where the medial and lateral borders meet

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71
Q

Define pubic ramus

A

narrow segment of bone that passes inferiorly and laterally from the pubic body; joins with the ischial ramus to form the ischiopubic ramus

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72
Q

Define infraglenoid tubercle

A

small bump or roughened area located on the lateral border o the scapula, near the inferior margin of the glenoid cavity

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73
Q

Define infraspinous fossa

A

broad depression located on the posterior scapula, inferior to the spine

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74
Q

Define intercondylar eminence

A

irregular elevation on the superior end of the tibia, between the articulating surfaces of the medial and lateral condyles

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75
Q

Define intercondyle fossa

A

deep depression on the posterior side of the distal femur that separates the medial and lateral condyles

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76
Q

Define intermediate cuneiform

A

middle of the three cuneiform tarsal bones: articulates posteriorly with the navicular bone, medially with the medial cuneiform bone, laterally with the lateral cuneiform bone and anteriorly with the second metatarsal bone

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77
Q

Define interosseous border of the fibula

A

small ridge running down the medial side of the fibular shaft; for attachment of the interosseous membrane between the fibula and tibia

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78
Q

Define interosseous border of the radius

A

narrow ridge located on the medial side of the radial shaft; for attachment of interosseous membrane between the ulna and radius bones

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79
Q

Define interosseous of the tibia

A

small ridge running down the lateral side of the tibial shaft; for attachment of the interosseous membrane between the tibia and fibula

80
Q

Define interosseous border of the ulna

A

narrow ridge located on the lateral side of the ulnar shaft; for attachment of the interosseous between the ulnar and radius

81
Q

Define interosseous membrane of the forearm

A

sheet of dene connective tissue that unites the radius and ulna bones

82
Q

Define interosseous membrane of the leg

A

Sheet of dense connective tissue that unites the shafts of the tibia and fibula bones

83
Q

Define interphalangeal joint

A

articulation between adjacent phalanx bones of the hand or foot digits.

84
Q

Define intertrochanteric crest

A

short, prominent ridge running between the greater and lesser trochanters on the anterior side of the proximal femur

85
Q

Define intertrochanteric line

A

small ridge running between the greater and lesser trochanters on the anterior side of the proximal femur

86
Q

Define intertubercular groove (sulcus)

A

bicipital groove; narrow groove located between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus.

87
Q

Define ischial ramus

A

bony extension projecting anteriorly and superiorly from the ischial tuberosity; joins with the inferior pubis ramus to form the ischiopubic ramus

88
Q

Define ischial spine

A

pointed, bony projection from the posterior margin of the ischium that separates the greater sciatic notch and lesser sciatic notch

89
Q

Define ischial tuberosity

A

large, roughened protuberance that forms the posteroinferior portion of the hip bone; weight-bearing region of the pelvis when sitting

90
Q

Define ischiopubic ramus

A

narrow extension of the bone that connects the ischial tuberosity to the pubic body; formed by the junction of the ischial ramus inferior pubic ramus

91
Q

Define ischium

A

posteroinferior portion of the hip bone

92
Q

Define knee joint

A

joint that separates the thigh and leg portions of the lower limb; formed by the articulations between the medial and lateral condyles of the femur, and the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia

93
Q

Define lateral border of the scapula

A

diagonally oriented lateral margin of the scapula

94
Q

Define lateral condyle of the femur

A

smooth articulating surface that forms the distal and posterior sides of the lateral expansion of the distal femur

95
Q

Define lateral condyle of the tibia

A

lateral, expanded region of the proximal tibia that includes the smooth surface that articulates with the lateral condyle of the femur as part of the knee joint

96
Q

Define lateral cuneiform

A

most lateral of the three cuneiform tarsal bones; articulates posteriorly with the navicular bone, medially with the intermediate cuneiform bone, laterally with the cuboid bone, and anteriorly with the third metatarsal bone

97
Q

Define lateral epicondyle of the femur

A

roughened area of the femur located on the lateral sie of the lateral condyle

98
Q

Define lateral epicondyle of the humerus

A

small projection located on the lateral side of the distal humerus.

99
Q

Define lateral malleolus

A

expanded distal end of the fibula

100
Q

Define lateral supracondylar ridge

A

narrow, bony ridge located along the lateral side of the distal humerus, superior to the lateral epicondyle

101
Q

Define leg

A

portion of the lower limb located between the knee and ankle joints

102
Q

Define lesser pelvis

A

narrow space located within the pelvis, defined superiorly by the pelvic brim (pelvic inlet) and inferiorly by the pelvic outlet

103
Q

Define lesser sciatic foramen

A

pelvic opening formed by the lesser sciatic notch of the hip bone, the sacrospinous ligament, and the sacrotuberous ligament

104
Q

Define lesser sciatic notch

A

shallow indentation along the posterior margin of the ischium, inferior to the ischial spine

105
Q

Define lesser trochanter

A

small, bony projections on the medial side of the proximal femur, at the base of the femoral neck

106
Q

Define lesser tubercle

A

small, bony prominence located on anterior side of the proximal humerus

107
Q

Define ligament of the head of the femur

A

ligament that spans the acetabulum of the hip bone and fovea capitis of the femoral head

108
Q

Define limb bud

A

small elevations that appears on the lateral side of the embryo during the fourth or fifth week of development, which gives rise to an upper or lower limb

109
Q

Define linea aspera

A

longitudinally running bony ridge located in the middle third of the posterior femur

110
Q

Define lunate

A

from the lateral side, the second of the four proximal carpal bones; articulates with the radius proximally, the capitate and hamate distally, the scaphoid laterally, and the triquetrum medially

111
Q

Define medial border of the scapula

A

elongated, medial margin of the scapula

112
Q

Define media condyle of the femur

A

smooth, articulating surface the forms the distal and posterior sides of the medial expansion of the distal femur

113
Q

Define medial condyle of the tibia

A

medial, expanded region of the proximal tibia that includes the smooth surface that articulates with the medial condyle of the femur as part of the knee joint

114
Q

Define medial cuneiform

A

most medial of the three cuneiform tarsal bones; articulates posteriorly with the navicular bone, laterally with the intermediate cuneiform bone, and anteriorly with the first and second metatarsal bones

115
Q

Define medial epicondyle of the femur

A

roughened area of the distal femur located on the medial side of the medial condyle

116
Q

Define medial epicondyle of the humerus

A

enlarged projection located on the medial side of the distal humerus

117
Q

Define medial malleolus

A

bony expansion located on the medial side of the distal tibia

118
Q

Define metacarpal bone

A

one of the five elongated bones that forms the anterior half of the foot, numbered 1-5, starting on the lateral (thumb) side of the hand

119
Q

Define metacarpophalangeal joint

A

articulation between the distal end of a metacarpal bone of the hand and a proximal phalanx bone of the thumb or a finger

120
Q

Define metatarsal bone

A

one of the five elongated bone that forms the anterior half of the foot; numbered 1-5, starting on the medial side of the foot

121
Q

Define metatarsophalangeal joint

A

articulation between a metatarsal bone of the foot and the proximal phalanx bone of a toe

122
Q

`Define midcarpal joint

A

articulates between the proximal and distal rows of the carpal bones; contributes to movements of the hand at the wrist

123
Q

Define navicular

A

tarsal bone that articulates posteriorly with the talus bone, laterally with the cuboid bone, and anteriorly with the medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform bones

124
Q

Define neck of femur

A

narrowed region located inferior to the head of the femur

125
Q

Define neck of the radius

A

narrowed region immediately distal to the head of the radius

126
Q

Define obturator foramen

A

large opening located in the anterior hip bone, between the pubis and ischium regions

127
Q

Define olecranon fossa

A

large depression located on the posterior side of the distal humerus; this space receives the olecranon process of the ulna; forms the bony tip of the elbow is fully extended

128
Q

Define olecranon process

A

expanded posterior and superior portions of the proximal ulna, forms the bony tip of the elbow

129
Q

Define patella

A

kneecaps; the largest sesamoid bone of the body; articulates with the distal femur

130
Q

Define patellar surface

A

smooth groove located on the anterior side of the distal femur, between the medial and lateral condyles; site of articulation for the patella

131
Q

Define pectineal line

A

narrow ridge located on the superior surface of the superior pubic ramus

132
Q

Define pectoral girdle

A

shoulder girdle; the set of bones, consisting of the scapula and clavicle, which attaches each upper limb to the axial skeleton.

133
Q

Define pelvic brim

A

pelvic inlet; the dividing line between the greater and lesser pelvic regions; formed by the superior margin of the pubic symphysis, the pectineal lines of each pubis, the arcuate lines of each ilium, and the sacral promontory

134
Q

Define pelvic girdle

A

hip girdle; consists of a single hip bone, which attaches a lower limb to the sacrum of the axial skeleton

135
Q

Define pelvic inlet

A

pelvic brim

136
Q

Define pelvic outlet

A

inferior opening of the lesser pelvis; formed by the inferior margin of the pubic symphysis, right and left ischiopubic rami and sacrotuberous ligaments and the tip of the coccyx

137
Q

Define pelvis

A

ring of bone consisting of the right and left hip bones, the sacrum and the coccyx

138
Q

Define phalanx bone of the foot

A

one of the 14 bones that form the toes; these include the proximal and distal phalanges of the big toe and the proximal, middle, and distal phalanx bones of toes two through five

139
Q

Define phalanx bone of the hand

A

one of the 14 bones that form the thumb and fingers, these include the proximal and distal phalanges of the thumb, and the proximal, middle and distal phalanx bones of the fingers two through five

140
Q

Define pisiform

A

form the lateral side, the fourth of the four proximal carpal bones; articulates with the anterior surface of the triquetrum

141
Q

Define pollex

A

digit 1 of the hand

142
Q

Define posterior inferior iliac spine

A

small, bony projection located at the inferior margin of the auricular surface on the posterior ilium

143
Q

Define posterior sacroiliac ligament

A

strong ligament spanning the sacrum and ilium of the hip bone that supports the posterior side of the sacroiliac joint

144
Q

Define posterior superior iliac spine

A

rounded, posterior end of the iliac crest

145
Q

Define proximal radioulnar joint

A

articulation formed by the radial notch of the ulna and the head of the radius

146
Q

Define proximal tibiofibular joint

A

articulation between the head of the fibula and the inferior aspect of the lateral condyle of the tibia

147
Q

Define pubic arch

A

bony structure formed by the pubic symphysis, and the bodies and inferior pubic rami of the right and left pubic bones

148
Q

Define pubic body

A

enlarged, medial portion of the pubis region of the hip bone

149
Q

Define pubic symphsis

A

joint formed by the articulation between the pubic bodies of the right and left hip bones

150
Q

Define pubic tubercle

A

small bump located on the superior aspect of the pubic body

151
Q

Define pubis

A

anterior portion of the hip bone

152
Q

Define radial fossa

A

small depression located on the anterior humerus above the capitulum; this space receives the head of the radius when the elbow is maximally flexed

153
Q

Define radial notch of the ulna

A

small, smooth area on the lateral side of the proximal ulna, articulates with the head of the radius as part of the proximal radioulnar joint

154
Q

Define radial tuberosity

A

oval-shaped roughened protuberance located on the medial side of the proximal radius

155
Q

Define radiocarpal joint

A

wrist joint, located between the forearm and hand regions of the upper limb; articulation formed proximally by the distal end of the radius and the fibrocartilaginous pad that unites the distal radius and ulna bone, distally by the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum carpal bones

156
Q

Define radius

A

bone located on the lateral side of the forearm

157
Q

Define sacroiliac joint

A

joint formed by the articulation between the auricular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium

158
Q

Define sacrospinous ligament

A

ligament that spans the sacrum to the ischial spine of the hip bone

159
Q

Define sacrotuberous ligament

A

ligament that spans the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity of the hip bone

160
Q

Define scaphoid

A

from the lateral side, the first of the four proximal carpal bones; articulates with the radius proximally, the trapezoid, trapezium, and capitate distally, and the lunate

161
Q

Define scapula

A

shoulder blade bone located on the posterior side of the shoulder

162
Q

Define shaft of the femur

A

cylindrically shaped region that forms the central portion of the femur

163
Q

Define shaft of the fibula

A

elongated, slender portion located between the expanded ends of the fibula

164
Q

Define shaft of the humerus

A

narrow, elongated, central region of the humerus

165
Q

Define shaft of the radius

A

narrow, elongated, central region of the radius

166
Q

Define shaft of the tibia

A

triangular-shaped, central portion of the portion of the tibia

167
Q

Define shaft of the ulna

A

narrow, elongated, central region of the ulna

168
Q

Define soleal line

A

small, diagonally running ridge located on the posterior side of the proximal tibia

169
Q

Define spine of the scapula

A

prominent ridge passing mediolaterally across the upper portion of the posterior scapular surface

170
Q

Define sternal end of the clavicle

A

medial end of the clavicle that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum

171
Q

Define sternoclavicular joint

A

articulation between the manubrium of the sternum and the sternal end of the clavicle; forms the only bony attachment between the pectoral girdle of the upper limb and the axial skeleton

172
Q

Define styloid process of the radius

A

pointed projection located on the lateral end of the distal radius

173
Q

Define styloid process of the ulna

A

short, bony projection located on the medial end of the distal ulna

174
Q

Define subpubic angle

A

inverted V-shape formed by the convergence of the right and left ischiopubic rami, this angle is greater than 80 degrees in females and less than 70 degrees in males

175
Q

Define subscapular fossa

A

broad depression located on the anterior (deep) surface of the scapula

176
Q

Define superior angle of the scapiula

A

corner of the scapula between the superior and medial borders of the scapula

177
Q

Define superior border of the scapula

A

superior margin of the scapula

178
Q

Define superior pubic ramus

A

narrow segment of bone that passes laterally from the pubic body to join the ilium

179
Q

Define supraglenoid tubercle

A

small bump located at the superior margin of the glenoid cavity

180
Q

Define suprascapular notch

A

small notch located along the superior border of the scapula, medial to the coracoid process

181
Q

Define supraspinous fossa

A

narrow depression located on the posterior scapula, superior to the spine

182
Q

Define surgical neck

A

region of the humerus where the expanded, proximal end joins with the narrower shaft

183
Q

Define sustentaculum tali

A

bony ledge extending from the medial side of the calcaneus bone

184
Q

Define talus

A

tarsal bone that articulates superiorly with the tibia and fibula at the ankle joint; also articulates inferiorly with the calcaneus bone and anteriorly with the navicular bone

185
Q

Define tarsal bone

A

one of the seven bones that make up the posterior foot; includes the calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, and lateral cuneiform bones

186
Q

Define thigh

A

portion of the lower limb located between the hip and knee joints

187
Q

Define tibia

A

shin bone; the large, weight-bearing bone located on the medial side of the leg

188
Q

Define tibial tuberosity

A

elevated area on the an anterior surface of the proximal tibia

189
Q

Define trapezium

A

from the lateral side, the first of the four distal carpal bones; articulates with the scaphoid proximally, the first and second metacarpals distally, and the trapezoid medially

190
Q

Define trapezoid

A

from the lateral side, the second of the four distal carpal bones; articulates with the scaphoid proximally, the second metacarpal distally, the trapezium laterally and the capitate medially

191
Q

Define triquetrum

A

from the lateral side, the third of the four proximal carpal bones; articulates with the lunate laterally, the hamate distally, the hamate distally, and has a facet for the pisiform

192
Q

Define trochlea

A

pulley-shaped region located medially at the distal end of the humerus; articulates at the elbow with the trochlea of the humerus

193
Q

Define ulna

A

bone located on the medial side of the forearm

194
Q

Define ulnar notch of the radius

A

shallow, smooth area located on the medial side of the distal radius; articulates with the head of the ulna at the distal radioulnar joint

195
Q

Define ulnar tuberosity

A

roughened area located on the anterior, proximal ulna inferior to the coronoid process

A & P 1 (10 decks)

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