Chapter 8 Flashcards
Define acetabulum
large, cup shaped cavity located on the lateral side of the hip bone, formed by the junction of the ilium, pubis, and ischium portions of the hip bone
Define acromial end of the clavicle
lateral end of the clavicle that articulates with the acromion of the scapula
Define acromial process
acromion of the scapila
acromioclavicular joint
articulation between the acromion of the scapula and the acromial end of the clavicle
Define adductor tubercle
small, bony bump located on the superior aspect of the medial epicondyle of the femur
Define anatomical neck
line in the humerus located around the outside margin of the humeral head
Define ankle joint
joint that separates the leg and foot portion of the lower limb; formed by the articulations between the talus bone of the foot inferiorly, and the distal end of the tibia, medial malleolus of the tibia and lateral malleolus of the fibula superiorly
Define anterior border of the tibia
narrow, anterior margin of the tibia that extends inferiorly from the tibial tuberosity
Define anterior inferior iliac spine
small, bony projection located on the anterior margin of the ilium, below the anterior superior iliac spine
Define anterior sacroiliac ligament
strong ligament between the sacrum and the ilium portions of the hip bone that supports the anterior side off the sacroiliac joint
Define anterior superior iliac spine
rounded, anterior end of the iliac crest
Define apical ectodermal ridge
enlarged ridge of ectoderm at the distal end of a limb bud that stimulates growth and elongation of the limb
Define arcuate line of the ilium
smooth ridge located a the inferior margin of the iliac fossa; forms the lateral portion of the pelvic brim
Define arm
region of the upper limb located between the shoulder and elbow joints; contains the humerus bone
Define auricular surface of the ilium
roughened area located on the posterior, medial side of the ilium of the hip bone; articulates with the auricular surface of the sacrum to form the sacroiliac joint
Define base of the metatarsal bone
expanded, proximal end of each metatarsale bne
Define bicipital groove
intertubercular groove; narrow groove located between the greater ad lesser tubercles of the humerus
Define calcaneous
heel bone; posterior, inferior tarsal bone that forms the heel of the foot
Define capitate
from the lateral side, the third of the four distal carpal bones; articulate with the scaphoid and lunate proximally, the trapezoid laterally, the hamate medially, and primarily with the third metacarpal distally
Define capitulum
knob-like bony structure located anteriorly lateral, distal end of the humerus
Define carpal bone
one of the eight small bones that form the wrist and base of the hand; these are grouped as a proximal row consisting of (from lateral to medial) the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and pisiform bones, and a distal row containing (from lateral to medial) the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate bones
Define carpal tunnel
passageway between the anterior forearm and hand formed by the carpal bones and flexor retinaculum
Define carpometacarpal joint
articulation between one of the carpal bines in the distal row and a metacarpal one of the hand
Define clavicle
collarbone; elongated bone that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum medially and the acromion of the scapula laterally
Define coracoclavicular ligament
strong band of connective tissue that anchors the coracoid process of the scapula to the lateral clavicle;; provides important indirect support for the acromioclavicular joint
Define coracoid process
short, hook-like process that projects anteriorly and laterally from the superior margin of the scapula
Define coronoid fossa
depression on the anterior surface of the humerus above trochlea; this space receives the coronoid process o the ulna when the elbow is maximally flexed
Define coronoid process of the ulna
projecting bony lip located on the anterior, proximal ulna; forms the inferior margin of the trochlear notch
Define costoclavicular ligament
band of connective tissue that unites the medial clavicle with the first rib
Define coxal bone
hip bone
Define cuboid
tarsal bone that articulates posteriorly with the calcaneus bone, medially with the lateral cuneiform bone, and anteriorly with the fourth and fifth metatarsal bones
Define deltoid tuberosity
roughened, V shaped region located laterally on the mid-shaft of the humerus
Define distal radioulnar joint
articulation between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius
Define distal tibiofibular joint
articulation between the distal fibula and the fibular notch of the tibia
Define elbow joint
joint located between the upper arm and forearm regions of the upper limb, formed by the articulations between the trochea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna, and the capitulum of the humerus and the notch of the ulna and the capitulum of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna and the capitulum of the humerus and the head of the radius
Define femur
thigh bone, the single bone of the thigh
Define fibula
thin, non-weight bearing bone found on the lateral side of the let
Define fibular notch
wide groove on the lateral side of the distal tibia for articulation with the fibula at the distal tibiofibular joint
Define flexor retinaculum
strong band of connective tissue at the anterior wrist that spans the top of the U shaped grouping of the carpal bones to form the roof of the carpal tunnel
Define foot
potion of the lower limb located distal to the ankle joint
Define forearm
region of the upper limb located between the elbow and wrist joints; contains the radius and ulna bones
Define fossa
shallow depression on the surface of a bone
Define fovea capitis
minor indention on the head of the femur that serves as the site of attachment for the ligament to the head of the femur
Define glenohumeral joint
shoulder joint; formed by articulation between the glenoid cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus
Define glenoid cavity
(glenoid fossa) shallow depression located on the lateral scapula, between the superior and lateral borders
Define gluteal tuberosity
roughened area on the posterior side of the proximal femur, extending inferiorly from the base of the greater trochanter.
Define greater pelvis
broad space above the pelvic brim defined laterally by the fan-like portion of the upper ilium
Define greater sciatic foramen
pelvic opening formed by the greater sciatic notch of the hip bone, the sacrum, and the sacrospinous ligament
Define sciatic notch
large, U-shaped indentation located on the posterior margin of the ilium, superior to the ischial spine
Define greater trochaner
large, bony expansion of the femur the projects superiorly from the base of the femoral neck
Define greater tubercle
enlarged prominence located on the lateral side of the proximal humerus
Define hallux
big toe; digit 1 of the foot
Define hamate
from the lateral side, the fourth of the four distal carpal bones; articulates with the lunate and triquetrum proximally, the fourth and fifth metacarpals distally, and the capitate laterally
Define hand
region of the upper limb distal to the wrist joint
Define head of femur
rounded, proximal end of the femur that articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint.
Define head of the fibula
small, knob-like, proximal end of the fibula; articulates with the inferior aspect of the lateral condyle of the tibia
Define head of humerus
smooth, rounded region on the medial side of the proximal humerus; articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint.
Define head of the metatarsal bone
expanded, distal end of each metatarsal bone
Define head of the radius
disc-shaped structure that forms the proximal end of the radius; articulates with the capitulum of the humerus as part of the elbow joint, and with the radial notch of the ulna as part of the proximal radioulnar joint
Define head of the ulna
small, rounded distal end of the ulna; articulates with the ulnar notch of the distal radius, forming the distal radioulnar joint
Define hip bone
coxal bone; single bone forms the pelvic girdle; consists of three areas, the ilium, ischium, and pubis
Define hip joint
joint located at the proximal end of the lower limb; formed by the articulation between the acetabulum of the hip bone and the head of the femur
Define hook of the hamate bone
bony extension located on the anterior side of the hamate carpal bone
Define humerus
single bone of the upper arm
Define humerus
single bone of the upper arm
Define iliac crest
curved, superior margin of the ilium
Define iliac fossa
shallow depression found on the anterior and medial surfaces of the upper ilium
Define iliac fossa
shallow depression found on the anterior and medial surfaces of the upper ilium
Define ilium
superior portion of the hip bone
Define inferior angle of the scapula
inferior corner of the scapula located where the medial and lateral borders meet
Define pubic ramus
narrow segment of bone that passes inferiorly and laterally from the pubic body; joins with the ischial ramus to form the ischiopubic ramus
Define infraglenoid tubercle
small bump or roughened area located on the lateral border o the scapula, near the inferior margin of the glenoid cavity
Define infraspinous fossa
broad depression located on the posterior scapula, inferior to the spine
Define intercondylar eminence
irregular elevation on the superior end of the tibia, between the articulating surfaces of the medial and lateral condyles
Define intercondyle fossa
deep depression on the posterior side of the distal femur that separates the medial and lateral condyles
Define intermediate cuneiform
middle of the three cuneiform tarsal bones: articulates posteriorly with the navicular bone, medially with the medial cuneiform bone, laterally with the lateral cuneiform bone and anteriorly with the second metatarsal bone
Define interosseous border of the fibula
small ridge running down the medial side of the fibular shaft; for attachment of the interosseous membrane between the fibula and tibia
Define interosseous border of the radius
narrow ridge located on the medial side of the radial shaft; for attachment of interosseous membrane between the ulna and radius bones
Define interosseous of the tibia
small ridge running down the lateral side of the tibial shaft; for attachment of the interosseous membrane between the tibia and fibula
Define interosseous border of the ulna
narrow ridge located on the lateral side of the ulnar shaft; for attachment of the interosseous between the ulnar and radius
Define interosseous membrane of the forearm
sheet of dene connective tissue that unites the radius and ulna bones
Define interosseous membrane of the leg
Sheet of dense connective tissue that unites the shafts of the tibia and fibula bones
Define interphalangeal joint
articulation between adjacent phalanx bones of the hand or foot digits.
Define intertrochanteric crest
short, prominent ridge running between the greater and lesser trochanters on the anterior side of the proximal femur
Define intertrochanteric line
small ridge running between the greater and lesser trochanters on the anterior side of the proximal femur
Define intertubercular groove (sulcus)
bicipital groove; narrow groove located between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus.
Define ischial ramus
bony extension projecting anteriorly and superiorly from the ischial tuberosity; joins with the inferior pubis ramus to form the ischiopubic ramus
Define ischial spine
pointed, bony projection from the posterior margin of the ischium that separates the greater sciatic notch and lesser sciatic notch
Define ischial tuberosity
large, roughened protuberance that forms the posteroinferior portion of the hip bone; weight-bearing region of the pelvis when sitting
Define ischiopubic ramus
narrow extension of the bone that connects the ischial tuberosity to the pubic body; formed by the junction of the ischial ramus inferior pubic ramus
Define ischium
posteroinferior portion of the hip bone
Define knee joint
joint that separates the thigh and leg portions of the lower limb; formed by the articulations between the medial and lateral condyles of the femur, and the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia
Define lateral border of the scapula
diagonally oriented lateral margin of the scapula
Define lateral condyle of the femur
smooth articulating surface that forms the distal and posterior sides of the lateral expansion of the distal femur
Define lateral condyle of the tibia
lateral, expanded region of the proximal tibia that includes the smooth surface that articulates with the lateral condyle of the femur as part of the knee joint
Define lateral cuneiform
most lateral of the three cuneiform tarsal bones; articulates posteriorly with the navicular bone, medially with the intermediate cuneiform bone, laterally with the cuboid bone, and anteriorly with the third metatarsal bone
Define lateral epicondyle of the femur
roughened area of the femur located on the lateral sie of the lateral condyle
Define lateral epicondyle of the humerus
small projection located on the lateral side of the distal humerus.
Define lateral malleolus
expanded distal end of the fibula
Define lateral supracondylar ridge
narrow, bony ridge located along the lateral side of the distal humerus, superior to the lateral epicondyle
Define leg
portion of the lower limb located between the knee and ankle joints
Define lesser pelvis
narrow space located within the pelvis, defined superiorly by the pelvic brim (pelvic inlet) and inferiorly by the pelvic outlet
Define lesser sciatic foramen
pelvic opening formed by the lesser sciatic notch of the hip bone, the sacrospinous ligament, and the sacrotuberous ligament
Define lesser sciatic notch
shallow indentation along the posterior margin of the ischium, inferior to the ischial spine
Define lesser trochanter
small, bony projections on the medial side of the proximal femur, at the base of the femoral neck
Define lesser tubercle
small, bony prominence located on anterior side of the proximal humerus
Define ligament of the head of the femur
ligament that spans the acetabulum of the hip bone and fovea capitis of the femoral head
Define limb bud
small elevations that appears on the lateral side of the embryo during the fourth or fifth week of development, which gives rise to an upper or lower limb
Define linea aspera
longitudinally running bony ridge located in the middle third of the posterior femur
Define lunate
from the lateral side, the second of the four proximal carpal bones; articulates with the radius proximally, the capitate and hamate distally, the scaphoid laterally, and the triquetrum medially
Define medial border of the scapula
elongated, medial margin of the scapula
Define media condyle of the femur
smooth, articulating surface the forms the distal and posterior sides of the medial expansion of the distal femur
Define medial condyle of the tibia
medial, expanded region of the proximal tibia that includes the smooth surface that articulates with the medial condyle of the femur as part of the knee joint
Define medial cuneiform
most medial of the three cuneiform tarsal bones; articulates posteriorly with the navicular bone, laterally with the intermediate cuneiform bone, and anteriorly with the first and second metatarsal bones
Define medial epicondyle of the femur
roughened area of the distal femur located on the medial side of the medial condyle
Define medial epicondyle of the humerus
enlarged projection located on the medial side of the distal humerus
Define medial malleolus
bony expansion located on the medial side of the distal tibia
Define metacarpal bone
one of the five elongated bones that forms the anterior half of the foot, numbered 1-5, starting on the lateral (thumb) side of the hand
Define metacarpophalangeal joint
articulation between the distal end of a metacarpal bone of the hand and a proximal phalanx bone of the thumb or a finger
Define metatarsal bone
one of the five elongated bone that forms the anterior half of the foot; numbered 1-5, starting on the medial side of the foot
Define metatarsophalangeal joint
articulation between a metatarsal bone of the foot and the proximal phalanx bone of a toe
`Define midcarpal joint
articulates between the proximal and distal rows of the carpal bones; contributes to movements of the hand at the wrist
Define navicular
tarsal bone that articulates posteriorly with the talus bone, laterally with the cuboid bone, and anteriorly with the medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform bones
Define neck of femur
narrowed region located inferior to the head of the femur
Define neck of the radius
narrowed region immediately distal to the head of the radius
Define obturator foramen
large opening located in the anterior hip bone, between the pubis and ischium regions
Define olecranon fossa
large depression located on the posterior side of the distal humerus; this space receives the olecranon process of the ulna; forms the bony tip of the elbow is fully extended
Define olecranon process
expanded posterior and superior portions of the proximal ulna, forms the bony tip of the elbow
Define patella
kneecaps; the largest sesamoid bone of the body; articulates with the distal femur
Define patellar surface
smooth groove located on the anterior side of the distal femur, between the medial and lateral condyles; site of articulation for the patella
Define pectineal line
narrow ridge located on the superior surface of the superior pubic ramus
Define pectoral girdle
shoulder girdle; the set of bones, consisting of the scapula and clavicle, which attaches each upper limb to the axial skeleton.
Define pelvic brim
pelvic inlet; the dividing line between the greater and lesser pelvic regions; formed by the superior margin of the pubic symphysis, the pectineal lines of each pubis, the arcuate lines of each ilium, and the sacral promontory
Define pelvic girdle
hip girdle; consists of a single hip bone, which attaches a lower limb to the sacrum of the axial skeleton
Define pelvic inlet
pelvic brim
Define pelvic outlet
inferior opening of the lesser pelvis; formed by the inferior margin of the pubic symphysis, right and left ischiopubic rami and sacrotuberous ligaments and the tip of the coccyx
Define pelvis
ring of bone consisting of the right and left hip bones, the sacrum and the coccyx
Define phalanx bone of the foot
one of the 14 bones that form the toes; these include the proximal and distal phalanges of the big toe and the proximal, middle, and distal phalanx bones of toes two through five
Define phalanx bone of the hand
one of the 14 bones that form the thumb and fingers, these include the proximal and distal phalanges of the thumb, and the proximal, middle and distal phalanx bones of the fingers two through five
Define pisiform
form the lateral side, the fourth of the four proximal carpal bones; articulates with the anterior surface of the triquetrum
Define pollex
digit 1 of the hand
Define posterior inferior iliac spine
small, bony projection located at the inferior margin of the auricular surface on the posterior ilium
Define posterior sacroiliac ligament
strong ligament spanning the sacrum and ilium of the hip bone that supports the posterior side of the sacroiliac joint
Define posterior superior iliac spine
rounded, posterior end of the iliac crest
Define proximal radioulnar joint
articulation formed by the radial notch of the ulna and the head of the radius
Define proximal tibiofibular joint
articulation between the head of the fibula and the inferior aspect of the lateral condyle of the tibia
Define pubic arch
bony structure formed by the pubic symphysis, and the bodies and inferior pubic rami of the right and left pubic bones
Define pubic body
enlarged, medial portion of the pubis region of the hip bone
Define pubic symphsis
joint formed by the articulation between the pubic bodies of the right and left hip bones
Define pubic tubercle
small bump located on the superior aspect of the pubic body
Define pubis
anterior portion of the hip bone
Define radial fossa
small depression located on the anterior humerus above the capitulum; this space receives the head of the radius when the elbow is maximally flexed
Define radial notch of the ulna
small, smooth area on the lateral side of the proximal ulna, articulates with the head of the radius as part of the proximal radioulnar joint
Define radial tuberosity
oval-shaped roughened protuberance located on the medial side of the proximal radius
Define radiocarpal joint
wrist joint, located between the forearm and hand regions of the upper limb; articulation formed proximally by the distal end of the radius and the fibrocartilaginous pad that unites the distal radius and ulna bone, distally by the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum carpal bones
Define radius
bone located on the lateral side of the forearm
Define sacroiliac joint
joint formed by the articulation between the auricular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium
Define sacrospinous ligament
ligament that spans the sacrum to the ischial spine of the hip bone
Define sacrotuberous ligament
ligament that spans the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity of the hip bone
Define scaphoid
from the lateral side, the first of the four proximal carpal bones; articulates with the radius proximally, the trapezoid, trapezium, and capitate distally, and the lunate
Define scapula
shoulder blade bone located on the posterior side of the shoulder
Define shaft of the femur
cylindrically shaped region that forms the central portion of the femur
Define shaft of the fibula
elongated, slender portion located between the expanded ends of the fibula
Define shaft of the humerus
narrow, elongated, central region of the humerus
Define shaft of the radius
narrow, elongated, central region of the radius
Define shaft of the tibia
triangular-shaped, central portion of the portion of the tibia
Define shaft of the ulna
narrow, elongated, central region of the ulna
Define soleal line
small, diagonally running ridge located on the posterior side of the proximal tibia
Define spine of the scapula
prominent ridge passing mediolaterally across the upper portion of the posterior scapular surface
Define sternal end of the clavicle
medial end of the clavicle that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum
Define sternoclavicular joint
articulation between the manubrium of the sternum and the sternal end of the clavicle; forms the only bony attachment between the pectoral girdle of the upper limb and the axial skeleton
Define styloid process of the radius
pointed projection located on the lateral end of the distal radius
Define styloid process of the ulna
short, bony projection located on the medial end of the distal ulna
Define subpubic angle
inverted V-shape formed by the convergence of the right and left ischiopubic rami, this angle is greater than 80 degrees in females and less than 70 degrees in males
Define subscapular fossa
broad depression located on the anterior (deep) surface of the scapula
Define superior angle of the scapiula
corner of the scapula between the superior and medial borders of the scapula
Define superior border of the scapula
superior margin of the scapula
Define superior pubic ramus
narrow segment of bone that passes laterally from the pubic body to join the ilium
Define supraglenoid tubercle
small bump located at the superior margin of the glenoid cavity
Define suprascapular notch
small notch located along the superior border of the scapula, medial to the coracoid process
Define supraspinous fossa
narrow depression located on the posterior scapula, superior to the spine
Define surgical neck
region of the humerus where the expanded, proximal end joins with the narrower shaft
Define sustentaculum tali
bony ledge extending from the medial side of the calcaneus bone
Define talus
tarsal bone that articulates superiorly with the tibia and fibula at the ankle joint; also articulates inferiorly with the calcaneus bone and anteriorly with the navicular bone
Define tarsal bone
one of the seven bones that make up the posterior foot; includes the calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, and lateral cuneiform bones
Define thigh
portion of the lower limb located between the hip and knee joints
Define tibia
shin bone; the large, weight-bearing bone located on the medial side of the leg
Define tibial tuberosity
elevated area on the an anterior surface of the proximal tibia
Define trapezium
from the lateral side, the first of the four distal carpal bones; articulates with the scaphoid proximally, the first and second metacarpals distally, and the trapezoid medially
Define trapezoid
from the lateral side, the second of the four distal carpal bones; articulates with the scaphoid proximally, the second metacarpal distally, the trapezium laterally and the capitate medially
Define triquetrum
from the lateral side, the third of the four proximal carpal bones; articulates with the lunate laterally, the hamate distally, the hamate distally, and has a facet for the pisiform
Define trochlea
pulley-shaped region located medially at the distal end of the humerus; articulates at the elbow with the trochlea of the humerus
Define ulna
bone located on the medial side of the forearm
Define ulnar notch of the radius
shallow, smooth area located on the medial side of the distal radius; articulates with the head of the ulna at the distal radioulnar joint
Define ulnar tuberosity
roughened area located on the anterior, proximal ulna inferior to the coronoid process
