Chapter 9 Flashcards
Asexual reproduction produce offspring genetically i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ l to the parent. All g _ _ _ s are inherited from one parent. Some examples include bacteria, some protists, some plants, etc.
Identical and genes.
Sexual reproduction produces s _ _ _ _ _ r but not i _ _ _ _ _ l offspring. Unique g _ _ _ s are inherited from two parents. Most plants and animals reproduce this way.
Similar, identical, genes.
Haploid cells only have o _ e set of chromosomes.
One.
Diploid cells have t _ o sets of chromosomes.
Two.
Gametes are r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e cells (sperm and egg) and are haploid.
Reproductive.
The fusion of gametes is called f _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n
Fertilization.
When the gametes fuse together they form a z _ _ _ _ e. It is a diploid cell because a sperm and egg come together to form it.
Zygote.
True or false: the zygote reproduces by mitosis and gives rise to all Somatic cells.
True.
Somatic cells (diploid) have pairs of homologous chromosomes. Do they get both from one parent or one from each parent?
They get one from each parent.
Describe homologous chromosomes. They are all the same l _ _ _ _ h, have the same centromere position, and g _ _ e locations.
Length and gene location.
True or false: different versions of a gene may appear on chromosomes of a homologous pair.
True.
Sister chromatids are i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ l to each other but homologous chromosomes are not.
Identical.
Human somatic cells have _ _ pairs of chromosomes, and are diploid.
23.
Human gametes (sperms or eggs) have _ _ single chromosomes. There are no homologous pairs inside a gamete because they’re haploid.
23.
Do diploid or haploid cells have homologous pair of chromosomes?
Diploid.
Think of our reproductive life cycle. When we were merely a sperm and egg, how many chromosomes did each one have? When the egg was fertilized, how many did we have then? Hint: we went from haploid to diploid.
23- sperm, 23- egg. When the egg was fertilized, we became a zygote. At this point we had 46 chromosomes total.
What is synapsis? Synapsis occurs during p _ _ _ _ _ _ e of meiosis.
It is the pairing of two homologous chromosomes. This must happen before crossing over can occur. Prophase.
What is crossing over? It occurs during p _ _ _ _ _ _ e and m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e of meiosis.
Hint: how does it contribute to genetic variation?
Homologous chromosomes exchange genes. This furthers genetic variation. Prophase and metaphase.
