Chapter 10 Flashcards
What is heredity?
Offspring acquire traits and genetic information from parents.
Who first studied genetics with quantitative method?
I believe it was a monk named Mendel.
Define cross fertilize.
Plants or animals obtain gametes from another for fertilization.
What is true breeding?
True breeding creates a purebred. A purebred always passes down a certain phenotype to its offspring of many generations.
What is true breeding?
True breeding creates a purebred. A purebred always passes down a certain phenotype to its offspring of many generations.
What is P generation?
What is F1 generation?
What is F2 generation?
P is the parent generation and the only pure plants.
F1 is the child of P and they are hybrids that show the dominant trait.
F2 is the grandchildren of P. They show the dominant and recessive trait.
Garden pea plants are good for genetic experiments because they r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ e quickly and have easy traits to study.
Reproduce.
What is a dominant trait?
It will allows be expressed if the dominant allele is present.
What is a recessive trait?
Two recessive alleles must be possessed for an individual to show a recessive trait.
Mendel believed that parents don’t directly transmit traits to offspring. Instead, they pass down factors known as g _ _ _ s.
Genes.
Mendel believed that each parent has 2 copies of the gene that determine the trait. With this knowledge, compare a homozygous individual to a heterozygous individual.
Homozygous= two of the same copy Heterozygous= two different copies.
Mendel believes that appearance is based on a _ _ _ _ _ s. These cause different traits to appear.
Alleles.
True or false: Mendel believed that the two alleles inherited did not affect each other.
True, this is why we can have heterozygous individuals.
True or false: Mendel believed that the presence of an allele means the trait will be expressed.
False, this is why we can have heterozygous individuals. They express the dominant trait but the recessive allele is still there.
What is Mendel’s law of segregation? Hint: it is related to alleles.
Alleles combine at random with other alleles.
What is Mendel’s independent assortment?
The passing of one allele doesn’t impact the passing of another. For example a recessive allele from one parent doesn’t guarantee the other will be recessive.
What is phenotype?
Expression/appearance resulting from alleles.
What is genotype?
This is the alleles themselves. Like GG, Gg, gg.
What does polygenic mean?
Several genes influence this trait. For example, height or skin color.
What does incomplete dominance mean?
Not all alleles are fully dominant or recessive. They can make a mixture.
What does incomplete dominance mean?
Not all alleles are fully dominant or recessive. They can make a mixture. White and red flowers may produce pink flowers.
What does codominance mean?
Both of these alleles get expressed in one individual.
True or false: the environment can play a role in determining phenotype.
True.
What are autosomes? Hint: they encompass 22/23 pairs of our chromosome and are different from sex chromosomes.
They determine everything but sex.
