Chapter 4 Flashcards
What is the difference between a light microscope and an electron microscope?
The light microscope uses light and lenses to magnify an image. The electron microscope uses electrons to illuminate the image.
What are the characteristics of a prokaryotic cell?
They lack a nucleus and internal membrane. Bacteria and archaea have this type.
What are the characteristics of a eukaryotic cell?
They are more complex because they have internal membranes. They include everything except bacteria and archaea.
What do animal cells have that plants do not?
Lysosome and centrioles.
What do plant cells have that animals cells do not?
Cell wall, chloroplast, central vacuole.
What does the plasma membrane do?
It is selectively permeable, meaning it only allows certain substances in and out of the cell.
What is the fluid mosaic model?
A lipid bilayer that gives elasticity to the membrane.
What is the plasma membrane made up of?
Phospholipids.
What does the nucleus do?
It directs all activities in the cell and holds hereditary information.
What does smooth er do?
Synthesize lipids, detoxify the liver, and store calcium in muscle cells. They don’t have ribosomes.
What does rough er do?
Participates in protein production. It has ribosomes attached.
What does golgi do?
Collect, package, and distribute molecules made in the er.
What does golgi do?
Collect, package, and distribute molecules made in the er.
What do vacuoles do?
A cavity that contains water and waste products of cell metabolism in plants.
What do mitochondria do?
Take in nutrients and break them down to produce energy.
What do chloroplasts do?
They absorb sunlight and conduct photosynthesis.
What is the endomembrane system?
It encompasses the different membranes that are suspended in the cytoplasm within a eukaryotic cell.
What is the endosymbiosis theory of the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Believe eukaryotic cells came from large prokaryotic cells engulfing smaller cells. The small cells continued to live and function in the big cells.
Evidence supporting the endosymbiosis theory?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have 2 membranes. Mitochondria multiplies like bacteria, are similar in size, and have similar folds.
What are the 3 types of protein fibers in the cytoskeleton system?
Microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments.
What are flagella and cilia made of?
Microtubules.
True or False: diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis are all passive transport (which means they need no energy) but can only go from a higher concentration gradient to a lower concentration.
True.
True or False: ion pump, exocytosis, endocytosis are all active transport (need energy) and can move from lower concentration gradients to higher concentrations.
True.
