Chapter 12 Flashcards
What is a central dogma?
All organisms use the same basic mechanism of reading and expressing genes.
What is transcription?
The process copying DNA to make RNA.
What is translation?
A cell must translate the information encoded in the DNA into the language of proteins.
What is gene expression?
Using information in DNA to direct the production of particular proteins.
What is mRNA?
An RNA copy of a gene used in the cell to produce a polypeptide.
RNA polymerase is used to produce RNA based on DNA information produced during t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n
Transcription.
What is a promoter?
It signals the starting location of transcription on DNA.
What are codons?
3 nucleotide units.
C _ _ _ _ s are on mRNA.
Codons.
Translation occurs in the r _ _ _ _ _ _ e.
Ribosome.
tRNA molecules bring a _ _ _ o a _ _ _ s to the ribosome in order to make proteins. They use the anticodon to pair with codons on mRNA.
Amino acids.
tRNA has anticodon, anticodon can pair with c _ _ _ _ s on mRNA
Codons.
What is the function of a start codon and a stop codon?
A start codon signals the start of a protein. In contrast, a stop codon signals the end of the protein.
What is an intron?
The noncoding portion and majority.
What is an exon?
The coding portion and minority.
What is alternative splicing?
Using different combinations of the same exons to produce different proteins.
What is alternative splicing?
Using different combinations of the same exons to produce different proteins.
An operon is a segment of DNA that includes a P _ _ _ _ _ _ r, O _ _ _ _ _ _ r, and G _ _ _ s.
Promoter, operator, genes.
True or false: a repressor protein binds onto an operator to stop transcription.
True.
True or false? Activator proteins would never bind onto enhancers to help the start of transcription.
False, they do bind to enhancers to help start transcription.
What is transcription factor?
They are proteins that form an initiation complex and recruit RNA polymerase to the promoter.
