Chapter 9

Question 1

Family Resemblance

Answer 1

Members of a category resemble one another. Relies on some number of features being shared by any group of category members, even though these features may not be shared by all members of the category.

Question 2

Prototype Theory

Answer 2

Mental categories are represented by means of a single prototype identifying the center of the category.

Question 3

Graded Membership

Answer 3

Objects closer to the prototype are better members of the category than objects farther from the prototype.

Question 4

Sentence Verification Task

Answer 4

Procedure used for studying memory in which participants are given simple sentences and must respond as quickly as possible whether the sentence is true or false.

Question 5

Production Task

Answer 5

Procedure used in studying concepts in which the person is asked to name as many examples as possible.

Question 6

Rating Tasks

Answer 6

Participants must evaluate some item or category with reference to some dimension, usually expressing their response in terms of some number.

Question 7

Basic-Level Categorization

Answer 7

Level of categorization that is the most informative level. Uses basic level terms such a “car” instead of “Honda.”

Question 8

Exemplar-Based Reasoning

Answer 8

Categorization relies on knowledge about specific category members rather than the prototype.

Question 9

Typicality

Answer 9

Degree to which a particular case is typical for its kind.

Question 10

Propositions

Answer 10

Smallest units of knowledge that can be either true or false.

Question 11

Local Representations

Answer 11

Each node represents one idea, so that when that node is activated, I am thinking about that idea, and when I am thinking about that node is activated.

Question 12

Connectionist Networks

Answer 12

Approach to theorizing about the mind that relies on parallel distributed processing among elements that provide a distributed representation of the information being considered.

Question 13

Distributed Representations

Answer 13

Each idea is represented, bot by a certain set of nodes, but instead by means of a specific pattern of activation across the network.

Question 14

Parallel Distributed Processing

Answer 14

System of handling information in which many steps happen at once and in which various aspects of the problem or task are represented only in a distributed fashion.

Question 15

Connection Weights

Answer 15

Strength of the individual connections among nodes.

Question 16

Fuzzy Boundaries

Answer 16

No clear dividing line for membership.