Chapter 4

Question 1

Apperceptive Agnosia

Answer 1

Able to see an object’s shape, color, and position, but cannot put the elements together to perceive the object.

Question 2

Associative Agnosia

Answer 2

They see but they cannot link what they see to their basic visual knowledge.

Question 3

Bottom-Up Processes

Answer 3

Processing in which the sequence of mental events is determined largely by the pattern of incoming information.

Question 4

Top-Down Processes

Answer 4

Processing in which the sequence of mental events is influenced by a broad pattern of knowledge and expectations or by the perceiver.

Question 5

Visual Features

Answer 5

Constituents of a visual pattern such as vertical lines, curves, diagonals, that form the overall pattern of an object.

Question 6

Integrative Agnosia

Answer 6

Disorder caused by a form of damage to the parietal lobe; appear normal in tasks requiring them to detect whether specific features are present in a display, but they are impaired in tasks that require them to judge how the features are bound together to form complex objects.

Question 7

Tachistoscope

Answer 7

Device designed to present stimuli for controlled amounts of time.

Question 8

Mask

Answer 8

Visual presentation used to interrupt the processing of another visual stimulus.

Question 9

Priming

Answer 9

Process through which one input or cue prepares a person for an upcoming input or cue.

Question 10

Repetition Firing (Priming)

Answer 10

Pattern of priming that occurs because a stimulus is presented a second time; processing is more efficient on the second presentation.

Question 11

Word-Superiority Effect

Answer 11

Data pattern in which research participants are more accurate and more efficient in recognizing words than they are in recognizing individual letters.

Question 12

Feature Nets

Answer 12

System for recognizing patterns that involved a network of detectors, with detectors for features as the initial layer in the system.

Question 13

Activation Level

Answer 13

Measure of the current status for a node or detector. Dependent on recency and frequency

Question 14

Response Threshold

Answer 14

Quantity of information or activation needed to trigger a response.

Question 15

Bigram Detectors

Answer 15

Units in a recognition system that respond, or fire, whenever a specific letter pair is in view.

Question 16

Local Representation

Answer 16

Representation in which information is encoded in some small number of identifiable nodes.

Question 17

Distributed Knowledge

Answer 17

Represented in a way that is distributed across the network and detectable only if we consider how the entire network functions.

Question 18

Excitatory Connections

Answer 18

Connections allowing one detector to activate its neighbors.

Question 19

Inhibitory Connections

Answer 19

Link from one node, or one detector, to another, such that activation of one node decreases the activation level of the other.

Question 20

Recognition by Components (RBC) Model

Answer 20

A model of object recognition . Role played by geons which are the building blocks of how we recognize objects.

Question 21

Geons

Answer 21

The alphabet from which all things are constructed.

Question 22

Object Model

Answer 22

Representation of the complete, recognized object that geons are forming.

Question 23

Viewpoint-Independent

Answer 23

Process in which the ease or success of recognition does not depend on the perceiver’s particular viewing angle or distance with regard to the target object.

Question 24

Viewpoint-Dependent

Answer 24

Process in which the ease or success of recognition depends on the perceiver’s particular viewing angle or distance with regard to the target object.

Question 25

View-Tune

Answer 25

Certain neurons fire most strongly to a particular view of the target object.

Question 26

Prosopagnosia

Answer 26

Syndrome in which individuals lose their ability to recognize faces and to make other fine-grained discriminations within a highly familiar category.