Chapter 9 Flashcards
1
Q
The two most important influences on Enlightenment thought were \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Galileo and Copernicus B. Newton and Copernicus C. Locke and Newton D. Galileo and Locke
A
C. Locke and Newton
2
Q
An expanding, literate public and the growing influence of secular printed materials created a new and increasingly influential social force called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. public opinion B. social premise C. societal drive D. communal view
A
A. public opinion
3
Q
Written by Voltaire in English and later translated to French, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ praised the virtues of the English, especially their religious liberty, and implicitly criticized the abuses of French society. A. Second Treatise on Government B. Essay on Customs C. Letters on the English D. Elements of the Philosophy of Newton
A
C. Letters on the English
4
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, an eighteenth-century philosopher, was known as the “Jewish Socrates.” A. Thomas Hobbes B. Baruch Spinoza C. René Descartes D. Moses Mendelssohn
A
D. Moses Mendelssohn
5
Q
Who wrote The Persian Letters? A. Charles de Montesquieu B. Blaise Pascal C. René de Chateaubriand D. Moses Mendelssohn
A
A. Charles de Montesquieu
6
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ published On Crimes and Punishments, in which he applied critical analysis to the problem of making punishments both effective and just. A. John Toland B. Denis Diderot C. Jean Le Rond d’Alembert D. Marquis Cesare Beccaria
A
D. Marquis Cesare Beccaria
7
Q
The most important political thought of the Enlightenment occurred in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. France B. Holland C. England D. Scotland
A
A. France
8
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ contended that the process of civilization and the Enlightenment had corrupted human nature. A. Adam Smith B. Jean-Jacques Rousseau C. René Descartes D. Charles de Montesquieu
A
B. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
9
Q
Herder is famous for his early views concerning \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. intellectual realism B. cultural relativism C. social democracy D. relative absolutism
A
B. cultural relativism
10
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ maintained that women were not naturally inferior to men and that women should have a wider role in society. A. Adam Smith B. Jean-Jacques Rousseau C. René Descartes D. Charles de Montesquieu
A
D. Charles de Montesquieu
11
Q
Which of the following styles of art utilizes lavish, often lighthearted decoration with an emphasis on pastel colors and the play of light? A. baroque B. Rococo C. Impressionism D. Neoclassicism
A
B. Rococo
12
Q
Which of the following styles of art embodies a return to figurative and architectural modes drawn from the Renaissance and the ancient world? A. Rococo B. abstract C. Impressionism D. Neoclassicism
A
D. Neoclassicism
13
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, who embodied enlightened absolutism more than any other monarch, forged a state that commanded the loyalty of the military, the Junker nobility, the Lutheran clergy, and a growing bureaucracy. A. Joseph II B. Maria Theresa C. Frederick the Great D. Catherine II
A
C. Frederick the Great
14
Q
As part of her territorial aspirations, Catherine the Great painlessly annexed the newly independent state of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in 1783. A. Estonia B. Crimea C. Livonia D. Romania
A
B. Crimea
15
Q
How did Voltaire come to admire English culture?
A. He read the works of English philosophes.
B. He visited England on holiday.
C. He was the French ambassador to England.
D. He lived in exile in England.
A
D. He lived in exile in England.
16
Q
The issue most relevant to physiocrats was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. legal reform B. women’s social status C. legislative reform D. property rights
A
D. property rights
17
Q
The subject matter of Rococo-style paintings with scenes of leisure, romance, and seduction led to a feeling of hostility toward the ________.
A. political and social elites of the Old Regime
B. nobles at court
C. monarchy
D. peasantry
A
A. political and social elites of the Old Regime
18
Q
Who believed that the intent of punishment should be to deter further crime, not to impose the will of God? A. Voltaire B. Jean-Jacques Rousseau C. Mary Wollstonecraft D. Marquis Cesare Beccaria
A
D. Marquis Cesare Beccaria
19
Q
What did Baruch Spinoza and Moses Mendelsohn have in common? A. They were both Jewish. B. They were both Muslim. C. They were both Protestants. D. They were both clergymen.
A
A. They were both Jewish.
20
Q
From where did the first imports of coffee come to supply the European coffeehouses? A. from Brazil B. from the Caribbean C. from Africa D. from the Ottoman Empire
A
D. from the Ottoman Empire
21
Q
Denis Diderot and Jean Le Rond d’Alembert are best known for their great work: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Treatise on Toleration B. the Encyclopedia C. Philosophical Dictionary D. Letters on the English
A
B. the Encyclopedia
22
Q
Which of the following philosophes argued against the abuses of imperialism? A. Moses Mendelsohn B. Immanuel Kant C. Adam Smith D. Cesare Beccaria
A
B. Immanuel Kant
