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Ap Euro History > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

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1
Q 
Literacy rates were lowest in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. France
B. Scandinavia
C. the Netherlands
D. Italy
A

D

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2
Q 
The Petit Journal is an example of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 
A. pulp fiction
B. a socialist newspaper
C. a right-leaning newspaper
D. a mass-circulation newspaper
A

D

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3
Q 
Which of the following became a major factor in the emerging mass politics?
A. political cartoons
B. letters to the editor
C. front-page editorials
D. transcripts of political speeches
A

C

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4
Q

By the start of World War I, most major nations of Europe ________.
A. began providing free public education for the masses
B. provided free elementary and secondary education for the masses
C. began providing free university education for the masses
D. provided free elementary, secondary, and university education for the masses

A

A

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5
Q 
Auguste Comte developed the theory of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. positivism
B. the science of survival
C. evolutionary ethics
D. relativity
A

A

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6
Q 
The man generally accepted as the father of popular science fiction was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. H. G. Wells
B. Jules Verne
C. Jonathan Swift
D. Sir Thomas More
A

B

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7
Q 
Who believed that the struggle in nature demonstrated how human beings should not behave?
A. Charles Darwin
B. Thomas Henry Huxley
C. Herbert Spencer
D. Julius Wellhausen
A

B

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8
Q

Darwin’s Descent of Man ________.
A. contended that neither the origin of humans nor human character required the existence of a
god
B. was a confirmation that human origins derived from an omniscient god
C. gave scientific support to the notion that biology was the basis of social success
D. gave scientific support to the notion that Europeans were biologically superior to other humans

A

A

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9
Q 
Who believed that struggle against one’s fellow human beings was an ethical imperative?
A. Julius Wellhausen
B. Sigmund Freud
C. Charles Darwin
D. Herbert Spencer
A

D

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10
Q 
Who contended that the story of Jesus was a myth?
A. David Friedrich Strauss
B. William Robertson Smith
C. Ernst Renan
D. Julius Wellhausen
A

A

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11
Q

Friedrich Nietzsche portrayed Christianity as a religion that ________.
A. glorified the strength that life required
B. glorified human weaknesses
C. demanded heroic living
D. superseded in glory the demands of war

A

B

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12
Q

In France, the French Catholic Church and the Third French Republic ________.
A. agreed to replace religious instruction with civic training
B. were formally separated in 1905
C. worked together to improve the education system
D. were, essentially, one institution

A

B

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13
Q

Otto von Bismarck’s Kulturkampf ________.
A. was a success
B. was a failure
C. resulted in the release of many bishops from government imprisonment
D. paved the path for clergy to transition into a secular life

A

B

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14
Q 
The doctrine of papal infallibility was first formally promulgated in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. 1325
B. 1489
C. 1789
D. 1870
A

D

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15
Q

Max Weber believed that ________.
A. the emergence of rationalism was the major development in human history
B. bureaucratization led to the destruction of modern society
C. only economic factors could account for major developments in human history
D. human history reached a high point in the Middle Ages

A

A

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16
Q

In his Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races, Count Arthur de Gobineau ________.
A. portrayed Western troubles as springing from racial mixing
B. claimed Western troubles were the result of resistance to intermarriage
C. railed against the racism that had long existed in
European culture
D. blamed the black race for what he called “contrary discrimination”

A

A

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17
Q

Theodor Herzl ________.
A. believed that liberal politics could protect Jews in Europe
B. called for a separate Jewish state in which Jewish rights and liberties would be protected
C. called for reforms to benefit Jews living in ghettos
D. believed that Jews did not deserve an assurance of rights and liberties without initiating a move toward a new Jewish state

A

B

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18
Q 
The first genuinely realistic novel is considered to be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. A Doll’s House
B. Madame Bovary
C. Mrs. Warren’s Profession
D. Mrs. Dalloway
A

B

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19
Q 
What was the first important work by the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche?
A. The Will to Power
B. Beyond Good and Evil
C. The Birth of Tragedy
D. The Genealogy of Morals
A

C

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20
Q

In London, what group excluded women from its ranks, claiming that discussion of primitive people was an unfit subject for females?
A. the Ethnological Society
B. the Geological Society
C. the Society of Ethnological Enlightenment
D. the League for Social Order

A

A

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21
Q 
What type of view of women emerged in late-nineteenth-century fiction and art, inspired largely by pseudo-science?
A. a worshipful view
B. a misogynistic view
C. a liberal view
D. a scientific view
A

B

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22
Q

T. H. Huxley claimed to have found ________.
A. scientific proof of female superiority
B. scientific proof of female inferiority
C. scientific proof of equality between men and women
D. biological evidence of original sin

A

B

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23
Q 
Late-Victorian anthropologists drew a parallel between women and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A. children
B. nonwhite races
C. unlearned men
D. animals
A

B

24
Q

Most social scientists of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century ________.
A. reinforced traditional gender roles
B. supported wider sexual freedoms for women
C. embraced some, but not all, feminist ideas about gender roles
D. began to take a more liberal view of marriage, family, and child rearing

A

A

25
Q

The Swedish writer Ellen Key believed that ________.
A. the government should financially support mothers and their children
B. children should be raised in state-supported communes
C. the government should assume physical custody and financial support of the children of unmarried mothers
D. mothers and fathers had equal financial responsibility for their children

A

A

26
Q

Liberals and conservatives recognized that ________.
A. minimal education was needed to help keep new voters in check
B. extensive education was needed for orderly political behavior of new voters
C. literacy would jeopardize the productivity of the work force
D. education leading to better jobs and political influence was within reach of the masses

A

A

27
Q

Mass-circulation newspapers, when first introduced, were characterized by ________.
A. a high quality level
B. a focus on straight news stories
C. stories about sensational crimes and political scandals
D. an emphasis on weather and commodities prices

A

C

28
Q 
Which of the following most helped the school-teaching profession grow?
A. university-educated schoolteachers
B. higher-paid teachers
C. more male schoolteachers
D. state-sponsored education
A

D

29
Q

Many of the books and journals of the late nineteenth century were mediocre because ________.
A. many new readers were only marginally literate
B. many authors were only marginally proficient
C. reading tastes changed frequently
D. publishing companies lacked adequate financing

A

A

30
Q

Which of the following statements about evolution is true?
A. Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace explained how changes in species occur.
B. Charles Darwin originated the concept of evolution.
C. Alfred Russel Wallace drew on Darwin’s work
D. Charles Darwin drew on the works of Wallace

A

A

31
Q

Auguste Comte’s works were influential because they ________.
A. helped convince learned Europeans that all knowledge must resemble scientific knowledge
B. were the first works to provide evidence that nature evolved independently of a supernatural force
C. challenged Darwin’s theory of natural selection
D. provided scientific evidence disputing the biblical story of Creation

A

A

32
Q

Herbert Spencer and Thomas Huxley were similar in ________.
A. writing responses to Darwin’s work
B. criticizing the institutions but not the teachings of the organized churches
C. both originating theories concerning the mechanism
of evolution
D. arguing against Social Darwinism

A

A

33
Q

By midcentury, science had a strong foothold in ________.
A. state-funded elementary schools
B. church schools
C. state-funded elementary schools and church schools
D. French and German universities

A

D

34
Q 
From midcentury on, writers used science to question \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. ethics
B. history
C. religion
D. philosophy
A

C

35
Q

Which of the following modern-day practices would the Social Darwinists of the nineteenth century be most likely to support?
A. UN peacekeeping troops in war-torn countries
B. welfare states
C. universal health care
D. price wars between competitors

A

D

36
Q

The salafiyya movement believed ________.
A. Arabs should modernize themselves on the basis of a modified version of Islam
B. the Arab world should imitate the West
C. there was no inherent contradiction between science and Islam
D. the West and modern thought were incompatible with Islam

A

C

37
Q

The factor that caused the greatest loss of faith in Christianity among literate Europeans was ________.
A. doubt about the historical validity of the Bible
B. doubt about the morality of Christianity
C. Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection
D. doubt about the scientific validity of Creationism

A

A

38
Q

Scholars in Germany, France, and Britain claimed that humans had written and revised the books of the Bible to ________.
A. accommodate problems in Jewish society and politics
B. reflect Christian social and political mores
C. incorporate scientific knowledge as it became known
D. make it more credible to contemporary readers

A

A

39
Q

Skeptics who questioned the morality of Christianity cited ________.
A. the cruelty and unpredictability of the Old Testament God
B. its intolerance against people of other faiths
C. the irrationality of the New Testament God
D. its lack of equality between men and women

A

A

40
Q

Christian missionaries in Muslim lands were most successful in ________.
A. converting Muslims to Christianity
B. helping to abolish slavery
C. educating young Arabs in science and medicine
D. promoting more tolerant views of nonwhites

A

C

41
Q

The primary reason churches opposed state-financed schools was they feared ________.
A. future generations educated in state-financed schools would lack religious training
B. losing students to state-financed schools would result in their demise
C. states would require them to improve their educational standards
D. states would limit the churches’ power to control all aspects of the schools’ operation

A

A

42
Q 
The Manet painting A Bar at the Folies-Bergère shows how \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. different social classes did not mix socially in modern urban life
B. the middle classes enjoyed a life of leisure
C. the working class was excluded from most urban leisure activities
D. leisure activities in modern urban life allowed people from different classes to mix
A

D

43
Q 
What field of science most influenced racial thinking at the end of the nineteenth century?
A. physics
B. biology
C. evolution
D. medicine
A

B

44
Q

Modernists were driven by ________.
A. admiration for middle-class society and morality
B. a concern for the aesthetic
C. a deep concern with social issues
D. respect for the values of their predecessors

A

B

45
Q

The Contagious Diseases Acts in England were designed to ________.
A. reduce disease in British slums
B. wipe out diseases such as cholera, which affected all of society
C. protect men from contracting diseases from prostitutes
D. impose harsh penalties on military men who spread venereal disease

A

C

46
Q 
Which of the following groups or institutions was the primary forum for feminist writers to advance their ideas at the turn of the century?
A. churches
B. socialist groups
C. literary networks
D. universities
A

C

47
Q

What did Charles Darwin, Sigmund Freud, Karl Vogt, and T. H. Huxley have in common?
A. They claimed that science showed women were inferior to men.
B. They used science to examine the role of humans as a part of nature.
C. They used science to explore the inner worlds of humans.
D. They claimed that science proved some races were superior to others.

A

A

48
Q 
Which of these women’s domestic roles was emphasized by most male intellectuals of the late 1800s?
A. educational
B. housekeeping
C. reproductive
D. service
A

C

49
Q

What argument did critics of the Contagious Diseases Acts use to justify their demands for their repeal?
A. If it weren’t for male customers, there’d be no prostitutes.
B. Only prostitutes, not their customers, were targeted by the law.
C. Prostitution provides a benefit to society.
D. Both men and women should be subject to random medical examinations

A

B

50
Q

In A Room of One’s Own, Virginia Woolf concluded that ________.
A. both male and female writers should be able to think as both men and women
B. female writers should imitate male writers
C. male writers were superior to female writers
D. female writers should bring their feminine traits to their writing

A

A

51
Q 
Which of these regions of Europe had lower literacy rates in the late 1800s?
A. western and northern
B. southern and eastern
C. northern and eastern
D. southern and western
A

B

52
Q 
Uniformitarianism—developed by Charles Lyell—is based on the idea of natural laws that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. are immutable
B. change over time
C. cannot be determined
D. change too rapidly to be formulated
A

A

53
Q

Max Weber and Ernest Renan approached Islam as a _________.
A. historical phenomenon
B. spiritual development
C. religion equal to Christianity
D. phenomenon caused by Christian crusaders

A

A

54
Q 
Sigmund Freud was unusual in paying close attention to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. dreams
B. religion
C. mental states
D. psychoses
A

A

55
Q 
In A Room of One’s Own, the “room” of the title symbolized \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. a place for creative expression
B. financial independence
C. a university education
D. the life of single women
A

A

Ap Euro History (17 decks)

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