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Ap Euro History > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

The final military action of the Crimean War was located ________.
A. in the region of Alsace and Lorraine, bordering the French and German border
B. off the coast of Britain, in the English Channel
C. near the Danube River in southern Germany
D. along the coast of the Black Sea and at the Russian fortress of Sevastopol

A

D

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2
Q

Why did Great Britain and France align themselves with the Ottoman Empire during the Crimean War?
A. They opposed Russian expansion in the eastern Mediterranean where they had naval and commercial interests.
B. They feared losing control of holy places in Palestine.
C. They supported the Ottoman Empire’s reasons for going to war.
D. They feared Russia’s expansion plans would eventually reach their lands.

A

A

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3
Q

Who were the Young Turks?
A. a group of reformist officers who wanted to preserve the Ottoman Empire’s traditions
B. a group of reformist officers who wanted to modernize the Ottoman Empire
C. young members of the Ottoman Empire’s army who were training to become military officers
D. an elite group of military officers who conducted covert surveillance against radicals

A

B

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4
Q

The Ottoman Empire’s constitution of 1876 ________.
A. called for a parliament
B. limited the powers of the sultan
C. was a first step toward democracy
D. called for a chamber of deputies appointed by the sultan

A

A

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5
Q

The Hatt-i Sharif of Gülhane ________.
A. banned the practice of Christianity within the Ottoman Empire
B. banned the practice of Judaism within the Ottoman Empire
C. extended civic equality to all Ottoman subjects regardless of their religion
D. required Christians and Jews to convert to Islam

A

C

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6
Q

The Hatt-i Hümayun ________.
A. gave non-Muslims equal opportunities for state employment and state schools
B. excluded non-Muslims from state employment
C. excluded non-Muslims from state schools
D. excluded non-Muslims from military obligations

A

A

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7
Q 
The Italian peninsula was transformed into a nation-state under a constitutional monarchy by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. 1850
B. 1855
C. 1860
D. 1865
A

C

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8
Q 
Count Camillo Cavour was a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. fanatical Catholic
B. fervent democrat
C. socialist
D. strong monarchist
A

D

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9
Q

Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi ________.
A. conducted guerrilla warfare in their attempts to establish an Italian republic
B. used secret diplomacy to further their political ambitions
C. helped to restore the kingdom of Piedmont as a buffer between France and Austria
D. were the driving forces behind the Congress of Vienna

A

A

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10
Q 
The two houses of the North German Confederation were the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. Dem Deutschen Volke and Bundestag
B. Reichstag and Parliament
C. Parliament and Bundestag
D. Bundesrat and Reichstag
A

D

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11
Q 
The Paris Commune was composed of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. genuine proletarians
B. radicals and socialists
C. strict communists
D. socialists and anarchists
A

B

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12
Q 
Which of these ruled the French Second Empire?
A. Napoleon III
B. Napoleon Bonaparte
C. Louis XVIII
D. Adolphe Thiers
A

A

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13
Q

One of the objectives of the Paris Commune was to ________.
A. administer Paris separately from the rest of France
B. persuade the government to move the capital back to Paris
C. combat anti-Semitism in Paris
D. infiltrate the government and military in order to liberate Paris from France

A

A

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14
Q 
One of the accomplishments of the Third Republic was the creation of a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, elected by universal male suffrage.
A. king
B. prime minister
C. senate
D. Chamber of Deputies
A

D

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15
Q 
The Hungarians accepted which of the following?
A. the Compromise of 1867
B. the February Patent
C. the October Diploma
D. a federation of states
A

A

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16
Q 
Which of the following instituted the most extensive restructuring of Russian society and administration since Peter the Great?
A. Alexander II
B. Alexander III
C. Nicholas I
D. Nicholas II
A

A

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17
Q 
Which of the following distinguished Russia from the rest of Europe in the 1800s, but was ended in February 1861?
A. bourgeoisie
B. serfdom
C. conscription
D. legalism
A

B

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18
Q 
Following the January Insurrection of 1863, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ was treated as merely another Russian province.
A. Finland
B. Lithuania
C. Poland
D. Latvia
A

C

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19
Q 
In 1850, all males in Russia were subject to military service for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ years.
A. 18
B. 19
C. 25
D. 21
A

C

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20
Q

One of the flaws of Russia’s new legal system, which was modeled after Western legal principles, was that ________.
A. it did not allow for trial by jury
B. it did not consider all accused parties equal before the law
C. the tsar could overrule the judge’s sentence
D. the tsar could elect to hear a trial

A

C

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21
Q 
In 1863, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nationalists unsuccessfully attempted to overthrow Russian dominance.
A. German
B. Czech
C. Polish
D. Japanese
A

C

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22
Q

The Ballot Act of 1872 introduced ________.
A. universal male suffrage
B. suffrage to Caucasian males without Anglican religious requirements
C. a literacy poll for voting requirements
D. voting by secret ballot

A

D

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23
Q 
The leader of Ireland’s movement for home rule in the late 1800s was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. William Gladstone
B. Charles Stewart Parnell
C. Benjamin Disraeli
D. Daniel O’Connell
A

B

24
Q 
Who shepherded the Second Reform Act of 1867?
A. Benjamin Disraeli
B. William Gladstone
C. Lord Derby
D. Lord Russell
A

A

25
Q 
Irish home rule passed the House of Lords in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. 1914
B. 1886
C. 1892
D. 1912
A

A

26
Q

The Crimean War was rooted in the ________.
A. desire for unification of all German-speaking people
B. hopes of the Italian people for unification on the peninsula
C. long-standing desire of Russia to extend its influence over the Ottoman Empire
D. British desire to dominate all eastern trade

A

C

27
Q

The Crimean War was the first to ________.
A. utilize modern trench warfare
B. engineer and use early airplanes
C. be covered by war correspondents and photographers
D. issue modern mess kits, including penicillin

A

C

28
Q

For the first twenty-five years after the Crimean War, European affairs were ________.
A. relatively stable as countries respected the Vienna settlement
B. tumultuous as countries adapted to shifts in power
C. unstable as fears of revolutions declined and the great powers had less reverence for the Vienna settlement
D. stable as countries joined forces to prevent another war

A

C

29
Q

Which of these describes the military operations of the Crimean War?
A. The British and French troops were superior to those of the Ottomans and Russians.
B. The Russian troops were superior to all other forces.
C. The Ottoman troops were superior to all other forces.
D. All of the troops were inept, ill-equipped, and poorly commanded.

A

D

30
Q

Which element of nineteenth-century European order was destroyed by the Crimean War?
A. the split between Orthodox Christians and Roman Catholics
B. the Concert of Europe
C. multinational empires
D. the myth of Prussian invincibility

A

B

31
Q

Issued as a decree from the sultan, the Hatt-i Sharif of Gülhane attempted to ________.
A. formally annex Serbia and all Slavic peoples to the Ottoman Empire
B. reorganize the empire’s administration and military along European lines
C. pressure bureaucrats to recognize only Christianity as a legitimate religion
D. democratize the Ottoman Empire

A

B

32
Q

What event(s) demonstrated the Ottoman Empire’s inability to regain its former power?
A. the Balkan wars of the late 1870s
B. the Crimean War
C. the Treaty of Paris
D. the issuing of the Hatt-i Sharif of Gülhane

A

A

33
Q 
The most important nationalist leader in Europe, who brought new fervor to the hopes of Italian nationalism and unification in the 1830s and 1840s, was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. Giuseppe Mazzini
B. Francisco Franco
C. Giuseppe Garibaldi
D. Camillo Cavour
A

A

34
Q 
Count Camillo Cavour’s methods to achieve Italian unification would best coincide with which philosopher’s ideology?
A. Locke
B. Machiavelli
C. Robespierre
D. Descartes
A

B

35
Q

A formal treaty in December 1858 confirmed an agreement between Count Camillo Cavour and Napoleon III that would ________.
A. provoke a war in Italy which would in turn permit Italy and France to defeat Austria
B. overthrow Mazzini and allow direct Italian unification, with French assistance
C. defeat the Russians at Sevastopol with Italian and French forces
D. spark revolution in Austria

A

A

36
Q

In 1866, Venetia was added to Italy in exchange for ________.
A. Italy’s formal recognition of Prussia as an independent nation-state
B. Italy’s alliance with Prussia in the Austro-Prussian War
C. Italy’s military aid to the Prussians in the Crimean War
D. recognition of papal authority in central Italy

A

B

37
Q

Bismarck embraced the cause of German nationalism ________.
A. as a strategy to enable Prussian conservatives to outflank Prussian liberals
B. as a means of deterring a French invasion with a growing military force
C. in hopes of supporting a larger population to undergo European dominance
D. as a political move to solicit an Italian ally in a
forthcoming war against Austria

A

A

38
Q

Prussia excluded Austria from German affairs by ________.
A. denying Austrian claims at the Convention of Gastein
B. defeating Austria in the Seven Weeks’ War
C. encouraging and succeeding in an Italian defeat of Austria
D. gaining European-wide support for its policies

A

B

39
Q

In the 1860s, Napoleon III made concessions to the liberals ________.
A. to compensate for his failures in foreign policy
B. to stifle growing calls for a revolution
C. to deflect attention away from his failures in domestic reforms
D. in an attempt to suppress a military coup

A

A

40
Q 
Emperor Francis Joseph’s scheme for centralized administration of the Habsburg Empire meant that the government was dominated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. Russians
B. liberals
C. Hungarians
D. German-speaking Austrians
A

D

41
Q

Austria-Hungary’s formation of a dual monarchy in 1867 ________.
A. meant greater Austrian control of Hungary
B. meant that a Magyar occupied the Hungarian throne
C. meant that Austria and Hungary became virtually separate states
D. enabled Austria-Hungary to become a major imperial power in Africa

A

C

42
Q 
Which of the following groups would have supported the Ausgleich of 1867?
A. Czechs
B. Hungarians
C. Romanians
D. Croatians
A

B

43
Q

Czech “trialism” was vetoed and argued against because ________.
A. Francis Joseph was not willing to accept the concept
B. the Magyars believed they might be forced to make similar concessions to their own subject nationalities
C. the Germans in the empire would lose standing
D. there was little public support for it in Bohemia

A

B

44
Q

The Balkan tensions of the late 1800s ________.
A. helped to spark the First World War
B. decreased as national groups linked themselves to established states
C. were a major source of political instability in Western Europe
D. were a result of conflicts between the Habsburg and Ottoman empires

A

A

45
Q

The Russian government responded to radical revolutionary groups that emerged in the late 1800s by ________.
A. meeting with them to hear their concerns
B. making limited concessions
C. increasing repression
D. introducing liberal reforms

A

C

46
Q

What motivated Alexander II to abolish serfdom?
A. socialist ideas about oppression
B. socialist ideas about land ownership
C. classical economist ideas about labor
D. belief that serfdom would hold Russia back

A

D

47
Q

Russian peasants responded to young revolutionaries who tried to win their support for social reforms based on the communal life of peasants by ________.
A. embracing their cause and joining the revolution
B. accepting their ideas but expressing skepticism for their methods
C. engaging in violent conflicts with the revolutionaries
D. turning the revolutionaries over to the police

A

D

48
Q

Refer to the essay “The Arrival of Penny Postage.” How did the changes in the British postal service affect the quantity of mail and the size of the government work force?
A. Both the quantity of mail and the size of the government work force rose.
B. The size of the government work force rose to prevent mail fraud, and the mail quantity decreased.
C. The new changes did not affect the size of the government, but the quantity of mail rose significantly.
D. The new changes did not affect the quantity of mail, but the size of government increased significantly.

A

A

49
Q 
Gladstone’s ministry of 1868 to 1874 witnessed the culmination of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. staunch conservatism
B. classical British liberalism
C. radical socialism
D. renowned republicanism
A

B

50
Q 
Ireland played the same role in British politics that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_did in Habsburg politics.
A. Hungary
B. Austria
C. Prussia
D. Poland
A

A

51
Q

Reforms in the Ottoman Empire were, in general, _______.
A. implementations of Sharia law
B. unsuccessful
C. intended to align the empire with Russia
D. westernizing

A

D

52
Q

The most important political development in Europe between 1848 and 1914 was ________.
A. the leadership of Bismarck
B. German unification
C. Russian defeat in the Crimean War
D. Italy’s alliance with Prussia against Austria

A

B

53
Q

Which of the following statements about Napoleon III is true?
A. Napoleon III was killed in the Battle of Sedan.
B. Napoleon III was victorious at the Battle of Sedan.
C. Napoleon III died in exile in 1873.
D. Napoleon III was considered the greatest of all European leaders of the nineteenth century.

A

C

54
Q

Why was 1860 considered a turning point during the reign of Napoleon III?
A. It marked the shift from a liberal empire into an authoritative empire.
B. It marked the shift from an authoritative empire into a liberal empire.
C. It was the year Napoleon III gained control of the legislature.
D. It was the year Napoleon III permitted labor unions.

A

B

55
Q

William Gladstone disestablished the Church of Ireland for what reason?
A. to eliminate the church’s competition with the Church of England
B. as a blow to Irish nationalists
C. as a concession to Irish nationalism
D. to begin the process of Irish home rule

A

C

Ap Euro History (17 decks)

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