Chapter 2 Quiz Flashcards
1
Q
Which of the following cities played a key role in the trade between Europe and the Near East? Bologna Venice Florence Milan
A
Venice
2
Q
Medieval Europe was a feudal society that had a(n) ________.
growing lay and secular control of thought and culture
agricultural economy and was dominated by the church
growing national consciousness and political centralization
urban economy based on organized commerce and capitalism
A
agricultural economy and was dominated by the church
3
Q
Which of the following comprised Florence’s popolo grosso in the Renaissance? the old merchant classes the lower urban classes guild masters capitalists and bankers
A
capitalists and bankers
4
Q
What occurred in 1378 as a result of the unbearable conditions for those at the bottom of society and the disruption caused by the Black Death? the Jacquerie Ciompi Revolt French Revolution signing of the Treaty of Lodi
A
Ciompi Revolt
5
Q
Cosimo de’ Medici brought stability to which city after his rise to power in 1434? Florence Rome Milan Venice
A
Florence
6
Q
The first humanists were \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. orators and poets politicians and their secretaries farmers and blacksmiths historians and musicians
A
Orators and Poets
7
Q
Who was known as the “father of humanism”? Giovanni Boccaccio Dante Alighieri Francesco Petrarch Guarino da Verona
A
Francesco Petrarch
8
Q
Which of the following was the most important intellectual recovery made during the Italian Renaissance? Spartan military strategies Roman law Roman studies Greek studies
A
Greek Studies
9
Q
The great masters of the High Renaissance were ________.
Titian, Donatello, and Giotto
Titian, Vincent van Gogh, and Masaccio
Vincent van Gogh, Donatello, and Giotto
Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo
A
Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo
10
Q
Who is considered the “father of Renaissance painting” Donatello Raphael Michelangelo Giotto
A
Giotto
11
Q
Whose most famous painting is the Mona Lisa? Donatello Michelangelo Raphael Leonardo da Vinci
A
Leonardo Da Vinci
12
Q
In 1500, the title “duke of Romagna” was given to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. French King Charles VIII Ferdinand of Aragon French King Louis XII Cesare Borgia
A
Cesare Borgia
13
Q
The term “Machiavellian” has become synonymous with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. tools made by machinists ruthless political expediency welfare policies slow decision-making
A
Ruthless political expediency
14
Q
The Habsburg-Valois wars were fought between France and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Austria Spain the Holy Roman Empire Russia
A
Spain
15
Q
A new alliance between monarchs and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ helped break the bonds of feudal society. nobles clergy peasants townspeople
A
Townspeople
16
Q
King Louis XI shared conquered Burgundian lands with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Habsburg emperor Maximilian I Isabella of Castile Ferdinand of Aragon Charles the Bold
A
Habsburg emperor Maximilian I
17
Q
Who sponsored Genoese adventurer Christopher Columbus? Catherine of Aragon King Henry VIII Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain Archduke Phillip
A
Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain
18
Q
One way in which the northern humanist Desiderius Erasmus gained fame as a religious reformer was by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. elaborating Scholastic theology editing the works of the Church Fathers issuing a new edition of Abelard’s works pleasing church authorities
A
editing the works of the Church Fathers
19
Q
Humanism prepared the way for Protestant reforms in which of the following countries? England, France, and Spain France, England, and Denmark Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain England, France, and Germany
A
England, France, and Germany
20
Q
What English humanist wrote a famous book called Utopia? Roger Bacon Thomas More William of Ockham Johann Reuchlin
A
Thomas More
21
Q
Columbus thought his first landfall was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. India China Indonesia Japan
A
Japan
22
Q
By the time of the Spanish conquest, the Aztecs ruled almost all of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. eastern Peru present-day California Central Mexico Cuba
A
Central Mexico
23
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ was by far the most effective and outspoken critic of the Spanish conquerors. Michel de Montaigne Francisco Pizarro Bartolomé de Las Casas Hernán Cortés
A
Bartolomé de Las Casas
24
Q
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the West Indies and Brazil became the major center for black slavery in the mid-sixteenth century. cotton plantations sugar plantations gold mines sweet-potato fields
A
Sugar Plantations
25
Endemic warfare between the pope and the Holy Roman Emperor ________.
was a boon for the landed nobility
had all but ended by the year 1000
assisted the growth of Italian city-states
had little effect on Italy
assisted the growth of Italian city-states
26
```
Social strife and competition for political power became so intense within the cities that most evolved into ________.
despotisms
feudal states
oligarchies
democracies
```
despotisms
27
```
The ________ greatly helped reduce the need to go to war and allowed increased control over the enemy.
use of despotism
art of diplomacy
hiring of mercenaries
purchase of enemy territory
```
art of diplomacy
28
```
Along with his rigorous teachings of ancient languages, humanist Vittorino da Feltre included ________ as part of his daily educational instructions.
discussions after each subject
physical exercise and games
the art of agriculture
playing a musical instrument
```
Physical Exercise and Games
29
How did Valla become a hero to Protestant reformers?
his defense of free will against the advocates of predestination
his defense of predestination against the advocates of free will
his teaching to depict humans as the only creatures in the world who possess the freedom to be whatever they choose
his work, Oration on the Dignity of Man
his defense of predestination against the advocates of free will
30
Which of the following ideas was held to be true in both Renaissance Italy and in Reformation Europe?
The interests of laity are no longer subordinate to clergy.
Medieval Christian values are important teachings.
The philosophies of Plato and Aristotle are counter to truth.
Art must be abstract and formulaic.
The interests of laity are no longer subordinate to clergy.
31
```
Medieval art tended to be abstract and formulaic, whereas Renaissance art showed ________.
the natural world and human emotions
religious figures without faces
sacred images painted on wood
small scenes in the margins of text
```
The natural World and Human Emotions
32
```
A new style of art called “mannerism,” allowed the artist to include ________ in his or her work.
perfectly refined images
outdoor scenes
people dining together
the strange and the abnormal
```
The strange and the abnormal
33
The political alliance known as the Treaty of Lodi did which one of the following?
brought Milan and Naples into an alliance with Florence
brought the Papal States into an alliance with Florence
brought Venice and Naples into an alliance with Florence
brought Milan and Naples into an alliance with Venice
brought Milan and Naples into an alliance with Florence
34
How did the Dominican preacher Girolamo Savonarola convince the Florentines to allow King Charles VIII of France to enter Florence without resistance?
He told them that the king’s arrival was divine vengeance on their immorality.
He promised to ask the king to leave all the land to the Florentines.
He explained that Charles VIII had only the best intentions for the Florentines.
He delivered a heartfelt speech on the merits of good international relations.
He told them that the king’s arrival was divine vengeance on their immorality.
35
What caused the Florentines to finally execute Savonarola in 1498?
They felt he did not do enough to recover Pisa.
They felt that Florence was losing power under his rule.
They tired of his puritanical tyranny.
They discovered that he had lied to them.
They tired of his puritanical tyranny.
36
What did Pope Alexander VI hope to gain by securing a friendship with the French king?
control over regions in Italy
protection by the French military in times of war
his own piece of private land in France
a piece of land in France where his son Cesare Borgia could live
Control over regions in Italy
37
Which of the following expresses a viewpoint held by Machiavelli?
Roman rulers and citizens of ancient Rome did a poor job of defending their homeland.
Italian political unity and independence were ends that justified any means.
Ancient Roman patriotism and self-sacrifice were ineffective.
Republican ideals were outdated.
Italian political unity and independence were ends that justified any means
38
```
The primary reason monarchs sought out new sources of income in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries was the ________.
growing cost of warfare
growing cost of farming equipment
food and clothing needs of the peasants
need to build new public offices
```
growing cost of warfare
39
```
The monarchy of Ferdinand and Isabella in Spain was an example of the emergence of ________ in the 1400s.
absolute monarchy
sovereign states
despotism
enlightened absolutism
```
depotism
40
```
What caused the secure government of France created by Louis XI to become a defeated nation under his successors?
bad foreign policy
the collapse of the English empire
the dissolution of Burgundy
newly acquired Burgundian lands
```
bad foreign policy
41
The Inquisition was a key national agency established in 1479 for the purpose of ________.
monitoring the activity of converted Jews and Muslims in Spain
increasing the size of the empire of Spain
converting Christians to join Jewish and Muslim religions
merging the Anglican church and the English Reformation
monitoring the activity of converted Jews and Muslims in Spain
42
```
During an assembly in Worms in 1495, Emperor Maximilian allowed the members to create ________.
a permanent representative body
the Golden Bull agreement
a seven-member electoral college
a Supreme Court of Justice
```
Supreme court of justice
43
The Brothers of the Common life, an influential lay religious movement, eliminated what requirements from the religious life of men and women?
abstinence from food and drink before holy communion
sleeping on wooden floors and benches
eight hours of prayer and meditation each day
vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience
vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience
44
```
Who was a close friend of Erasmus?
Thomas More
John Cabot
Christopher Columbus
Johann Gutenberg
```
thomas More
45
The Portuguese exploration of the African coast started out as a search for gold and slaves, but by the century’s end it had established ________.
an organization promoting freedom of religion
friendly relations with Muslims and pagans
an organization promoting the freedom of slaves
a sea route around Africa to Asia’s spice markets
a sea route around Africa to Asia’s spice markets
46
What was the primary reason Spanish explorers sailed the Atlantic Ocean?
to measure the actual size of the Atlantic Ocean
to bring more slaves back to Spain
to find more gold on the other side of the Atlantic
to find a shorter route to the East Indies
to find a shorter route to the East Indies
47
```
European voyages of discovery and conquest provided several profound biological impacts on Native Americans, including the ________.
spread of measles and smallpox
spread of a virulent form of syphilis
introduction of corn
introduction of a new species of fish
```
spread of measles and smallpox
48
What argument about Native Americans caused tension between the mendicant friars and Spanish conquerors?
the renaming of Native American groups
the education of Native American children
the need to conquer Native Americans to convert them
preserving Native American traditions
the need to conquer Native Americans to convert them
49
```
Renaissance art was much more likely than medieval art to attempt to represent ________.
what we see
the cosmic order
an abstract concept of the world
imaginary worlds
```
what we see
50
Ludovico of Milan’s fatal mistake was that he ________.
sold the city of Milan to the French without proper authority
appealed to the French for help
claimed Naples for himself, as king, and disregarded French dynastic claims to rule
disregarded the threat posed by Milan and denied French aid or assistance
Appealed to the French for help
51
```
The Spanish voyages of discovery can be seen as an outgrowth of the _______.
beginning of the Reconquista
Inquisition
Renaissance
unification of Spain
```
Unification of Spain
