Chapter 9

Question 1

-cele

Answer 1

hernia, tumor, swelling

Question 2

cyst/o

Answer 2

urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid

Question 3

dia-

Answer 3

through, between, apart complete

Question 4

-ectasis

Answer 4

stretching, dilation, enlargement

Question 5

glomerul/o

Answer 5

glomerulus

Question 6

lith/o

Answer 6

stone calculus

Question 7

-lysis

Answer 7

break down, separation, setting free, destruction, loosening

Question 8

nephr/o

Answer 8

kidney

Question 9

-pexy

Answer 9

surgical fixation

Question 10

pyel/o

Answer 10

renal pelvis,

bowl of kidney

Question 11

-tripsy

Answer 11

to crush

Question 12

ur/o

Answer 12

urine, urinary tract

Question 13

ureter/o

Answer 13

ureter

Question 14

urethr/o

Answer 14

urethra

Question 15

uria

Answer 15

urination urine

Question 16

urea

Answer 16

major waste product of protein metabolism

Question 17

creatinine

Answer 17

is a waste

product of muscle metabolism.

Question 18

ren

Answer 18

kidney

Question 19

retro

Answer 19

behind

Question 20

cortex

Answer 20

means the outer portion

of an organ.

Question 21

medulla

Answer 21

is the inner region of
the kidney, and it contains most of the urine-collecting
tubules.

Question 22

nephrons

Answer 22

are the microscopic functional
units of each kidney. It is here that urine is produced
through the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and
secretion (Figure 9.2). Reabsorption is the return to the
blood of some of the substances that were removed during
filtration.

Question 23

glomerulus

Answer 23

cluster of capillaries

Question 24

renal pelvis

Answer 24

is the funnel-shaped area inside each
kidney that is surrounded by the renal cortex and
medulla. This is where the newly formed urine from the
nephrons collects before it flows into the ureters.

Question 25

ureters

Answer 25

are two narrow tubes, each
about 10 to 12 inches long, which transport urine from
the kidney to the bladder. Peristalsis, which is a series
of wave-like contractions, moves urine down each ureter
to the bladder. (Peristalsis is also part of the digestive process,
as described in Chapter 8.)
Urine drains from the ureters into the bladder
through the ureteral orifices in the wall of the urinary
bladder (Figure 9.1). Orifice means opening.

Question 26

orfice

Answer 26

opening

Question 27

urethra

Answer 27

is the tube extending from

the bladder to the exterior of the body

Question 28

meatus

Answer 28

external opening of a canal

Question 29

micturate

Answer 29

urinate

Question 30

uremia

Answer 30

also known as uremic
poisoning, is a toxic condition resulting from renal
failure in which kidney function is compromised and
urea and other waste products normally secreted in
the urine are retained in the blood

Question 31

edema

Answer 31

is excessive fluid accumulation
in body tissues that can be symptomatic of nephrotic
syndrome and other kidney diseases. This swelling can
be in the area around the eyes, the abdomen, or the
legs and feet.

Question 32

py

Answer 32

pus

Question 33

colic

Answer 33

means
spasms of pain in the abdomen. Renal colic pain
sometimes comes in waves due to the peristaltic
movement of the ureters.

Question 34

stone

Answer 34

also known as calculus, is an abnormal mineral
deposit that has formed within the body and is named for
the organ or tissue where it is located (plural, calculi).
These stones vary in size from small sand-like granules
that pass through the body unnoticed to stones the size
of marbles that can become lodged, causing acute pain.In the urinary system, stones form when waste products
in the urine separate and crystallize (Figure 9.7).
Normally urine contains chemicals to prevent this
from happening; however, dehydration and other factors
may also disrupt this balance

Question 35

vesic/o

Answer 35

blader

Question 36

-genic

Answer 36

created by

Question 37

hyperplasia

Answer 37

is an increase in cell
numbers typically associated with tumor growth; however,
in this case, it is not caused by cancer or infection.

Question 38

prostatism

Answer 38

is a disorder resulting
from the compression or obstruction of the urethra
due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (prostat means
prostate gland, and -ism means condition of). This can
produce difficulties with urination and with urinary
retention.

Question 39

incontinence

Answer 39

is the inability to

control the excretion of urine, feces, or both.

Question 40

diur

Answer 40

means increasing the output of urine,

Question 41

enuresis

Answer 41

is the involuntary discharge

of urine

Question 42

olig

Answer 42

scanty

Question 43

tress incontinence

Answer 43

is the inability to control the
voiding of urine under physical stress such as running,
lifting, sneezing, laughing, or coughing. This
condition occurs much more often in women than
in men.

Question 44

dialysis

Answer 44

is a procedure to remove waste
products, such as urea, creatinine, as well as excess water
from the blood of a patient whose kidneys no longer function
(dia- means complete or through, and -lysis means
separation). The two types of dialysis in common use are
hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Patients can sometimes
choose the type of long-term dialysis they prefer