Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HOSA- Medical Terminology 2016 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

angi/o

A

blood or lymph vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ather/o

A

plaque, fatty substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

brady-

A

slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

-crasia

A

a mixture or blending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

-emia

A

blood, blood condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

erythr/o

A

red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

hem/o,

hemat/o

A

blood relating to blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

leuk/o

A

white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

tachy-

A

fast, rapid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ven/o

A

vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

epicardium

A

is the external

layer of the heart and the inner layer of the pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

myocardium

A

is the middle
and thickest of the heart’s three layers (my/o means
muscle, cardi means heart, and -um is a singular noun
ending). Also known as myocardial muscle, this consists
of specialized cardiac muscle tissue that is capable
of the constant contraction and relaxation of this
muscle that creates the pumping movement that is
necessary to maintain the flow of blood throughout the
body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

endocardium

A

which
consists of epithelial tissue, is the inner lining of the
heartThis is the surface that
comes into direct contact with the blood as it is being
pumped through the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

atria

A

are the two upper chambers of
the heart, and these chambers are divided by interatrial
septum. (A septum is a wall that separates two
chambers.)
n The atria are the receiving chambers, and all blood
enters the heart through these chambers. The singular
form of atria is atrium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ventricles

A

are the two lower
chambers of the heart, and these chambers are divided
by the interventricular septum.
n The walls of the ventricles are thicker than those of the
atria because the ventricles must pump blood
throughout the entire body.
n The term ventricle is also defined as a normal hollow
chamber of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pulmonary

A

pertaining to lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

tricuspid

A

having 3 cups (3 points)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Blood flow through heart

A

The right atrium (RA) receives oxygen-poor blood from all tissues, except the lungs, through
the superior and inferior venae cavae. Blood flows out of the RA through the tricuspid valve into
the right ventricle.
ß
The right ventricle (RV) pumps the oxygen-poor blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve
and into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs.
ß
The left atrium (LA) receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs through the four pulmonary
veins. The blood flows out of the LA, through the mitral valve, and into the left ventricle.
ß
The left ventricle (LV) receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium. Blood flows out of the
LV through the aortic semilunar valve and into the aorta, which carries it to all parts of the body,
except the lungs.
ß
Oxygen-poor blood is returned by the venae cavae to the right atrium, and the cycle
continues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

sinoatrial node

A

which is
often referred to as the SA node, is located in the
posterior wall of the right atrium near the entrance of
the superior vena cava (Figure 5.7).
n The SA node establishes the basic rhythm and rate
of the heartbeat. For this reason, it is known as the
natural pacemaker of the heart.
n Electrical impulses from the SA node start each wave
of muscle contraction in the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Atrioventricular node

A

SA node travel to The AV node is located on the floor of the right atrium
near the interatrial septum (Figure 5.7). From here, it
transmits the electrical impulses onward to the bundle
of His.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Bundle of His

A

is a group of fibers located
within the interventricular septum. These fibers carry
an electrical impulse to ensure the sequence of the
heart contractions (Figure 5.7). These electrical
impulses travel onward to the right and left ventricles
and the Purkinje fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Purkinje fibres

A

are specialized
conductive fibers located within the walls of the
ventricles. These fibers relay the electrical impulses
to the cells of the ventricles, and it is this stimulation
that causes the ventricles to contract. This contractionof the ventricles forces blood out of the heart
and into the aorta and pulmonary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

capillaries

A

which are only one epithelial
cell in thickness, are the smallest blood vessels in the
body. The capillaries form networks of expanded vascular
beds that have the important role of delivering oxygen
and nutrients to the cells of the tissues (Figure 5.11).
n The capillaries further slow the flow of blood to allow
plasma to flow into the tissues. It is here that the
exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste materials
occur within the surrounding cells.
n After leaving the cells, 90% of this fluid, which is now
oxygen poor and contains some waste products, enter
the opposite end of the capillary bed through the
venules.
n The 10% of this fluid that is left behind in the tissues
becomes lymph.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Veins

A

form a low-pressure collecting system to return
oxygen-poor blood to the heart (Figures 5.10 through 5.12).
n Venules (VEN-youls) are the smallest veins that join to
form the larger veins.
n The walls of the veins are thinner and less elastic than
those of the arteries.
n The venous blood continues its flow at an increased
speed as it continues its return journey to the
heart. Venous means relating to, or contained in, the
veins.
n Veins have valves that enable blood to flow only
toward the heart and to prevent it from flowing away
from the heart (Figure 5.12).
n Superficial veins are located near the body surface.
n Deep veins are located within the tissues and away
from the body surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

venae cavea

A

largest veins, return blood into heart

31
Q

systole

A

contraction of the heart

32
Q

diastole

A

relaxation of the heart

33
Q

serum

A

plasma fluid after the blood cells

and the clotting proteins have been removed.

34
Q

fibrinogen

A

are the clotting proteins found in
plasma. They have an important role in clot formation
to control bleeding

35
Q

neutrophils

A

which are formed in red
bone marrow, are the most common type of WBC.
Through phagocytosis, neutrophils play a major role in
the immune system’s defense against pathogens,
including bacteria, viruses, and fungi

36
Q

Phagocytosis

A

is
the process of destroying pathogens by surrounding
and swallowing them

37
Q

Basophils

A

which are also formed in
red bone marrow, are the least common type of WBC.
Basophils are responsible for causing the symptoms of
allergies

38
Q

Eosinophils

A

are formed in red
bone marrow and then migrate to tissues throughout
the body. Here these cells destroy parasitic organisms
and play a major role in allergic reactions

39
Q

Lymphocytes

A

are formed in red bone
marrow, in lymph nodes, and in the spleen. Lymphocytes
identify foreign substances and germs (bacteria
or viruses) in the body and produce antibodies that
specifically target them

40
Q

monocytes

A

are formed in red bone
marrow, lymph nodes, and the spleen. Through
phagocytosis, monocytes provide immunological
defenses against many infectious organisms

41
Q

thrombocytes

A

which are also
known as platelets, are the smallest formed elements of
the blood. They play an important role in the clotting of
blood (thromb/o means clot, and -cytes means cells).
n When a blood vessel is damaged, the thrombocytes are
activated and become sticky.
n This action causes the thrombocytes to clump together
to form a clot to stop the bleeding

42
Q

antigen

A

any substance the body regards as foreign

43
Q

Ischemic

A

means

pertaining to the disruption of the blood supply.

44
Q

ischemia

A

is a condition in which
there is an insufficient supply of oxygen in the tissues
due to a restricted blood flow to a part of the body

45
Q

Angina

A

is a
condition in which severe episodes of chest pain occur
due to an inadequate blood flow to the myocardium.
These episodes are due to ischemia of the heart muscle
and often progressively worsen as the blood flow continues
to be compromised, until a myocardial infarction
occurs.

46
Q

infarction

A

sudden insufficnecy of blood

47
Q

occlusion

A

total blockage

48
Q

dilated

A

expansion of a hollow structure

49
Q

arrhythmia

A

is the loss of the normal
rhythm of the heartbeat. This can be a minor, temporary
episode, or it can be a fatal event. The severity of
this episode depends on how much the heart’s ability to
pump blood is compromised. Rather than being an
abnormality in the heart muscle, arrhythmias are usually
caused by an abnormality in the electrical conduction
system of the heart.

50
Q

paroxysmal

A

sudden occurence

51
Q

perfusion

A

the flow of blood through the vessels

of an organ

52
Q

embol

A

something inserted

53
Q

cholesterol

A

is a fatty substance that
travels through the blood and is found in all parts of
the body. It aids in the production of cell membranes,
some hormones, and vitamin D. Some
cholesterol comes from dietary sources, and some
is created by the liver. Excessively high levels of
certain types of cholesterol can lead to heart disease

54
Q

plast

A

growth

55
Q

-lytic

A

destroy

56
Q

blast

A

immature

57
Q

pericardium

A

lso known as
the pericardial sac, is the double-walled membranous sac
that encloses the heart

58
Q

carotid arteries

A

carry blood towards the head

59
Q

arterioles

A

are the smaller,
thinner branches of arteries that deliver blood to the
capillaries. As it enters one end of the capillary bed, it
is here that the rate of flow of arterial blood slows.

60
Q

pulse

A

is the rhythmic pressure against the walls of

an artery caused by the contraction of the heart

61
Q

blood pressure

A

is the measurement of the amount
of systolic and diastolic pressure exerted against the
walls of the arterie

62
Q

systolic pressure

A

which occurs when
the ventricles contract, is the highest pressure against
the walls of an artery. The term systole means contraction
of the heart, and systolic means pertaining
to this contraction phase.

63
Q

infarction

A

sudden insufficiency of blood

64
Q

infarct

A

localized area of dead tissue caused by a lack of blood

65
Q

low density lipoprotein

A

bad cholesterol

excessive quantities of ldl contribute to plaque buildup in arteries

66
Q

high density lipoprotein

A

good cholesterol
because it
carries unneeded cholesterol back to the liver
for processing and does not contribute to
plaque buildup.

67
Q

triglycerides

A

are combinations
of fatty acids attached to glycerol that are
also found normally in the blood in limited
quantities.

68
Q

fibrillation

A

rapid uncontrollable heart beat

69
Q

anemia

A

is a lower-than-normal number
of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the blood
The severity of this condition is usually measured
by a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood.
When inadequate hemoglobin is present, all parts of the
body receive less oxygen and have less energy than is
needed to function properly.

70
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure

71
Q

hypotension

A

low blood pressure

72
Q

diuretic

A

is administered to stimulate
the kidneys to increase the secretion of urine to
rid the body of excess sodium and water. These medications
are administered to treat hypertension and
heart failure by reducing the amount of fluid circulating
in the blood.

73
Q

aspirin

A

taken in a very small daily dose, such as 81
mg, which is commonly known as baby aspirin, may
be recommended to reduce the risk of a heart attack or
stroke by reducing the ability of the blood to clot.

HOSA- Medical Terminology 2016 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions