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HOSA- Medical Terminology 2016 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

an/o

A

anus, ring

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2
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

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3
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

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4
Q

col/o, colon/o

A

colon, large intestine

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5
Q

-emesis

A

vomitting

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6
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

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7
Q

esophagi/o

A

esophagus

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8
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach, belly

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9
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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10
Q

-lithiasis

A

prescence of stones

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11
Q

-pepsia

A

digest, digestion

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12
Q

-phagia

A

eating swallowing

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13
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

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14
Q

rect/o

A

rectum, straight

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15
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

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16
Q

hard palate

A

the anterior portion of the palate.
This area is covered with specialized mucous membrane.
Rugae are irregular ridges or folds in this
mucous membran

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17
Q

soft palate

A

is the flexible posterior portion of the
palate. During swallowing, it has the important role of
closing off the nasal passage to prevent food and liquid
from moving upward into the nasal cavity

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18
Q

uvula

A

is the third part, and it
hangs from the free edge of the soft palate. During
swallowing, it moves upward with the soft palate.
It also plays an important role in snoring and in the
formation of some speech sound

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19
Q

dorsum

A

upper surface of tongue have small bumps (papillae

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20
Q

papillae

A

have tastebuds

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21
Q

odonti

A

teeth

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22
Q

gingiva

A

gums

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23
Q

inscisors canines cuspids

A

biting and tearing

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24
Q

premolars, molars bicuspids

A

chewing and grinding

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25
Q

occlusion

A

as used in dentistry, describes any
contact between the chewing surfaces of the upper
and lower teeth.

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26
Q

crown

A

portion of tooth visible in th mouth

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27
Q

pylorus

A

is the narrow passage that

connects the stomach with the small intestine.

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28
Q

Rugae

A

are the folds in the mucosa lining of
the stomach. These folds allow flexibility of the stomach
increasing and decreasing in size. Glands located
within these folds produce gastric juices

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29
Q

duodenum

A

is the first portion
of the small intestine. The duodenum extends from the
pylorus of the stomach to the jejunum.

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30
Q

jejunum

A

which is the middle portion
of the small intestine, extends from the duodenum
to the ileum.

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31
Q

ileum

A

which is the last and longest
portion of the small intestine, extends from the jejunum
to the cecum of the large intestine.

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32
Q

sigmoid

A

shaped like the letter s

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33
Q

cecum

A

is a pouch that lies on the right
side of the abdomen. It extends from the end of the ileum
to the beginning of the colon.

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34
Q

acessorary organs

A

of the digestive system are so
named because they play a key role in the digestive
process, but are not part of the gastrointestinal tract
(Figure 8.8). The accessory digestive organs are the liver,
gallbladder, and pancreas.

35
Q

liver

A

The liver removes excess glucose, which is commonly
known as blood sugar, from the bloodstream and
stores it as glycogen. Glycogen is a form of starch that
is stored in the liver. When the blood sugar level is
low, the liver converts glycogen back into glucose and
releases it for use by the body.

36
Q

Bilirubin

A

a yellow to green fluid,
commonly known as bile, that is manufactured by the
liver and is necessary for the digestion of fat. Excessive
amounts of bilirubin in the body can lead to jaundice
and other diseases.

37
Q

bile

A

which aids in the digestion of fats, is a digestive
juice secreted by the liver. Bile travels from the liver
to the gallbladder, where it is concentrated and
stored.

38
Q

biliary tree

A

provides the channels
through which bile is transported from the liver to the
small intestine. Biliary means pertaining to bile

39
Q

gallbladder

A

is a pear-shaped organ about the size of
an egg located under the liver. It stores and concentrates
bile for later use

40
Q

cholecyst

A

gallbladder

41
Q

Pancreas

A

The pancreas produces and secretes pancreatic juices
that aid in digestion and contain digestive enzymes
and sodium bicarbonate to help neutralize stomach
acids. Pancreatic means pertaining to the pancreas

42
Q

anabolism

A

is the building up of
body cells and substances from nutrients. Anabolism is
the opposite of catabolism

43
Q

catabolsim

A

is the breaking
down of body cells or substances, releasing energy nd carbon dioxide. Catabolism is the opposite of
anabolism.

44
Q

vili

A

The mucosa that lines the small intestine is covered
with finger-like projections called villi (VILL-eye)
(singular, villus). Each villus contains blood vessels
and lacteals. The blood vessels absorb nutrients
directly from the digestive system into the bloodstream
for delivery to the cells of the body.

45
Q

bolus

A

is a mass of food that has been
chewed and is ready to be swallowed. The term bolus
is also used in relation to the administration of medication

46
Q

peristalsis

A

is a series of wave-like contractions of the
smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the
food forward into the digestive system.

47
Q

chyme

A

is the semifluid mass of partly digested
food that passes out of the stomach, through the
pyloric sphincter, and into the small intestine

48
Q

emulsification

A

In the duodenum, chyme is mixed with pancreatic
juice and bile. The bile breaks apart large fat globules
so enzymes in the pancreatic juices can digest the fats.

49
Q

borborygmus

A

is the rumbling

noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine

50
Q

Aphthous ulcers

A

also known as
canker sores or mouth ulcers, are gray-white pits with
a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth.
Although the exact cause is unknown, the appearance
of these very common sores is associated with stress,
certain foods, or fever.

51
Q

ulcer

A

is an open lesion of the skin or mucous

membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges

52
Q

cheil

A

lips

53
Q

-plakia

A

plaque

54
Q

xer/o

A

dry

55
Q

bruxism

A

is the involuntary grinding or
clenching of the teeth that usually occurs during sleep
and is associated with tension or stress. It can also
occur habitually during the day. Bruxism wears away
tooth structure, damages periodontal tissues, and
injures the temporomandibular joint

56
Q

edentulous

A

without teeth

57
Q

halitosis

A

bad breath

58
Q

halit

A

breath

59
Q

malocclusion

A

is any deviation
from the normal positioning of the upper teeth against
the lower teeth.

60
Q

calculus

A

hard deposits, such as gallstones or kidney stones, that

form in other parts of the body.

61
Q

hiat

A

opening

62
Q

enter

A

small intestine

63
Q

pept

A

digestion

64
Q

cachexia

A

is a condition of physical
wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle
mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as
advanced cancer or AIDS. Although these patients are
eating enough, the wasting happens because their
bodies are unable to absorb the nutrients

65
Q

pica

A

is an abnormal craving or appetite for
nonfood substances, such as dirt, paint, or clay, that
lasts for at least one month. Pica is not the same as the
short-lasting abnormal food cravings that are sometimes
associated with pregnancy.

66
Q

eructation

A

is the act of belching or

raising gas orally from the stomach.

67
Q

celiac disease

A

is an inherited autoimmune
disorder, also known as gluten intolerance,
characterized by a severe reaction to foods containing
gluten. Gluten is a class of proteins found in grains
such as wheat, barley, rye, and possibly oats. This
disorder damages the villi of the small intestine and
can lead to the failure of the body to absorb these
substances properly.

68
Q

diverticulum

A

is a small
pouch, or sac, found in the lining or wall of a tubular
organ such as the colon (plural, diverticula).

69
Q

intussucept

A

take up or recive within

70
Q

steat/o

A

fat

71
Q

jaundice

A

is a yellow discoloration of the
skin, mucous membranes, and the eyes. This condition
is caused by greater-than-normal amounts of
bilirubin in the blood

72
Q

ascites

A

is an abnormal accumulation
of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity. This condition
is usually the result of severe liver disease

73
Q

serous

A

substance having a watery consistency

74
Q

cirrhosis

A

is a chronic degenerative disease

of the liver characterized by scarring

75
Q

cirhh

A

orange or yellow

76
Q

cholang

A

bile duct

77
Q

occult

A

hidden

78
Q

proton pump inhibitors

A

decrease amount of acid roduced by stomach

79
Q

emet

A

vomit

80
Q

anastomosis

A

is a surgical
connection between two hollow, or tubular, structures
(plural, anastomoses).

81
Q

choldec/o

A

common bile duct

82
Q

cyst

A

bladder

83
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation

HOSA- Medical Terminology 2016 (14 decks)

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