Chapter 12

Question 1

cutane/o

Answer 1

skin

Question 2

derm/o dermat/o

Answer 2

skin

Question 3

hidr/o

Answer 3

sweat

Question 4

hirsut/o

Answer 4

hairy, rough

Question 5

kerat/o

Answer 5

horny hard

Question 6

lip/o

Answer 6

fat lipid

Question 7

melan/o

Answer 7

black dark

Question 8

myc/o

Answer 8

fungus

Question 9

onchy/o

Answer 9

fingernail or toenail

Question 10

pil/i pil/o

Answer 10

hair

Question 11

py/o

Answer 11

pus

Question 12

rhytid/o

Answer 12

wrinkle

Question 13

seb/o

Answer 13

sebum

Question 14

urtic/o

Answer 14

rash hives

Question 15

xer/o

Answer 15

dry

Question 16

sebaceous glands

Answer 16

shus) secrete sebum
(oil) that lubricates the skin and discourages the
growth of bacteria on the skin.

Question 17

squamous

Answer 17

forms the
upper layer of the epidermis. Squamous means scalelike.
This layer consists of flat, scaly cells that are
continuously shed

Question 18

basal layer

Answer 18

is the lowest layer of the
epidermis. It is here that new cells are produced and
then pushed upward. When these cells reach the surface,
they die and become filled with keratin.

Question 19

keratin

Answer 19

is a fibrous, water-repellent

protein. Soft keratin is a primary component of the
epidermis. Hard keratin is found in the hair and nails.

Question 20

dermis

Answer 20

also known as the corium, is the
thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis. It
contains connective tissue, blood and lymph vessels, and
nerve fibers. Also found in the dermis are the hair follicles,
sebaceous glands, and sweat glands, which are the
related structures of the integumentary system (as well
as the nails).
Sensory nerve endings in the dermis are the sensory
receptors for stimuli such as touch, temperature, pain,
and pressure

Question 21

collagen

Answer 21

which means glue, is a
tough, yet flexible, fibrous protein material found in
the skin, and also in the bones, cartilage, tendons,
and ligaments.

Question 22

mast cell

Answer 22

which are found in the connective tissue of
the dermis, respond to injury, infection, or allergy by
producing and releasing substances, including heparin
and histamine.

Question 23

histamine

Answer 23

which is released in
response to allergens, causes the signs of an allergic response,
including itching and increased mucus secretion.

Question 24

heparin

Answer 24

which is released in response
to an injury, is an anticoagulant. An anticoagulant
prevents blood clotting.

Question 25

hidrosis

Answer 25

is the production and

excretion of perspiration.

Question 26

arrector pili

Answer 26

are tiny
muscle fibers attached to the hair follicles that cause
the hair to stand erect. In response to cold or fright,
these muscles contract, causing raised areas of skin
known as goose bumps. This action reduces heat loss
through the skin.

Question 27

vulgaris

Answer 27

common

Question 28

comedo

Answer 28

is a noninfected lesion
formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair
follicle (plural, comedones) often associated with acne
vulgaris. A comedo with an obstructed opening is
called a whitehead (a closed comedo). A sebum plug
that is exposed to air often oxidizes and becomes a
blackhead (an open comedo).

Question 29

seborrheic dermatitis

Answer 29

is an inflammation sometimes resulting from
seborrhea that causes scaling and itching of the upper
layers of the skin or scalp. Extensive dandruff is a form
of seborrheic dermatitis, as is the scalp rash in infants
known as cradle cap. In contrast, mild dandruff is
usually caused by a yeast-like fungus on the scalp.

Question 30

sebborrheic kertatosis

Answer 30

is a benign skin growth that has a waxy or
“pasted-on” look. These growths, which can vary in
color from light tan to black, occur most commonly in
the elderly

Question 31

trichomycosis axillaris

Answer 31

is superficial bacterial infection of the hair
shafts in areas with extensive sweat glands, such as the
armpits (trich/o means hair, myc means fungus, and
-osis means abnormal condition). Axillaris is Latin for
axillary (axill means armpit, and -ary means pertaining
to.

Question 32

hirsutism

Answer 32

is the presence of excessive
body and facial hair in women, usually occurring in a
male pattern (hirsut means hairy, and -ism means condition).
This condition can be hereditary or caused by a
hormonal imbalance.

Question 33

alopec

Answer 33

baldness

Question 34

koil

Answer 34

hollow or concave

Question 35

onchy

Answer 35

nails

Question 36

par

Answer 36

near

Question 37

crust

Answer 37

scab

Question 38

ecchymosis

Answer 38

bruiseis a large, irregular area of purplish discoloration
due to bleeding under the skin (ecchym
means pouring out of juice, and -osis means abnormal

Question 39

ecchym

Answer 39

pouring out juice

Question 40

verrucae

Answer 40

also known as warts, are
small, hard skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus
(singular, verruca). Plantar warts are verrucae
that develop on the sole of the foot.

Question 41

ulcer

Answer 41

is an open lesion of the skin or
mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the
edges (Figure 12.8B). Note: Ulcers also occur inside
the body.

Question 42

prurit

Answer 42

itching

Question 43

erythem

Answer 43

flushed

Question 44

-phyma

Answer 44

growth

Question 45

pedicul

Answer 45

lice

Question 46

cry/o

Answer 46

cold