Chapter 9 Flashcards
the break down of glucose (organic molecules) is……?
exergonic/catabolic
aerobic respiration
consumes organic molecules and O2 and yields ATP
anaerobic respiration
consumes compounds other than O2 and yields ATP
fermentation
- is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without O2
* the breakdown of sugar into an acid or alcohol
is glucose the only “fuel” for an organism?
no there are also carbs, fats, and proteins
The transfer of electrons during chemical reactions releases ____stored in organic molecules. This released energy is ultimately used to synthesize ___
- energy
- ATP
redox reactions
Chemical reactions that transfer electrons between reactants are called oxidation-reduction reactions, or redox reactions
oxidation
a substance loses electrons, or is oxidized
reduction
a substance gains electrons, or is reduced (the amount of positive charge is reduced)
reducing agen
The electron donor is called the reducing agent
oxidizing agent
The electron receptor is called the oxidizing agent
During cellular respiration, the___is oxidized, and___ is reduced
- fuel (such as glucose)
- O2
is NAD+ a coenzyme?
yes
what is NAD+
As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration
what is NADH
- an electron carrier
- this is NAD+ with stored energy (it has been reduced)
- uses this energy to help synthesize ATP
what is NADH’s job?
passes the electrons to the electron transport chain
does the electron transport chain pass electrons in one explosive reaction or in a series of steps?
in a series of steps
what pulls down electrons through the electron transport chain?
oxygen (O2)
-energy yielded from the process of the electron passing through the chain is used to regenerate ATP
where does glycolysis happen?
cytosol
what is the process that generates the most ATP?
oxidative phosphorylation (made up of electron transport chain and chemiosmosis) because it is powered by redox reactions
is ATP made in the citric acid cycle (krebs cycle) and glycolysis? if it is made through what is ATP made?
yes! but just a tiny bit
- substrate level phosphorylation