Chapter 10 Flashcards
photosynthesis
the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy
autotrophs
sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms
Autotrophs are the _____ of the biosphere, producing organic molecules from CO2 and other inorganic molecules
PRODUCERS
true or false
Almost all plants are photoautotrophs, using the energy of sunlight to make organic molecules
TRUE
in what does photosynthesis happen in?
plants, algae, certain protists, and some prokaryotes
*these organisms feed not only themselves but also most of the living world
heterotrophs
-obtain their organic material from other organisms
• Heterotrophs are the consumers of the biosphere
• Almost all heterotrophs, including humans, depend on photoautotrophs for food and O2
fossil fuels come from what?
the remains of organisms that died hundreds of millions of years ago
where does photosynthesis happen? and what did this possibly evolve from?
in the chloroplasts
-possibly evolve from photosynthetic bacteria
chlorophyll
the pigment within chloroplasts that absorbs blue and red but not green so it reflects green
where are chloroplasts usually found?
in cells of the mesophyll, the interior tissue of the leaf (each mesophyll cell contains 30-40 chloroplasts)
where does CO2 enter and O2 exit on the leaf?
through the microscopic pores called stomata
where is chlorophyll found?
in the membranes of thylakoids
a stack of thlyakoids is a what?
grana
stroma
a dense interior fluid inside the chloroplasts
what is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 12H2O + LIGHT ENERGY –> C6H1206 + 6O2 + 6H2O
what is the equation for cellular respiration?
C6H1206 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY
What splits up H2O? and what happens from this split?
- chloroplasts split H2O
- uses the electrons of hydrogen to continue with photosynthesis
- releases oxygen as a by product
Photosynthesis is a redox process in which H2O is _____ and CO2 is ______
- oxidized
- reduced
Photosynthesis is an ______ process; the energy boost is provided by light
endergonic process
what are the 2 stages of photosynthesis?
- light reactions
- calvin cycle
what happens in the “light reactions”
- splitting of H2O
- Release of O2
- Reduce NADP+ to NADPH
- Generate ATP from ADP by photophosphorylation
what happens in the calvin cycle?
-forms sugar from CO2, using ATP and NADPH
by using carbon fixation
from where do chloroplasts get their energy?
the sun (light energy)
what do thylakoids do with light energy?
transform light energy into the chemical energy called ATP and NADPH
• Light is a form of electromagnetic energy, also called ______ _____
electromagnetic radiation
light travels in ….
rhythmic waves
Wavelength determines the type of _____ _____
electromagnetic energy
electromagnetic spectrum
the entire range of electromagnetic energy, or radiation
visible lights
wavelengths (including those that drive photosynthesis) that produce colors we can see
photons
discrete particles that light consists of