Chapter 9

Question 0

Dependency theory

Answer 0

Theory of international relations holding that major states influence other states though their economic power

Question 1

Calorie consumption

Answer 1

The total number of calories in a daily diet allocation

Question 2

Energy consumption

Answer 2

The use of energy as a source of heat or power or as a raw material input to a manufacturing process

Question 3

Foreign direct investment

Answer 3

An investment abroad, usually where the company being invested in is controlled by the foreign corporation

Question 4

Secondary sector

Answer 4

Includes manufacturers that process, transform, and assemble raw materials into useful products

Question 5

Development

Answer 5

The process of growth, expansion, or realization of potential, bringing regional resources into full productive use

Question 7

Gross domestic product

Answer 7

The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country

Question 8

Human development index

Answer 8

Recognizes that a country’s level of development is a function of all three of these factors

Question 10

Primary sector

Answer 10

Directly extracts materials from Earth through agriculture

Question 11

Tertiary sector

Answer 11

Involves the provisions of goods and services to people in exchange for payment

Question 12

Gender Empowerment Index

Answer 12

Compares the ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making

Question 13

Physical quality of life index

Answer 13

An attempt to measure the quality of life or well-being of a country

Question 14

Core-periphery model

Answer 14

A model of the spatial structure of an economic system in which underdeveloped or declining peripheral areas are defined with respect to their dependence on a dominating core region

Question 14

Cultural convergence

Answer 14

The tendency for cultures to become more alike as they increasingly use technology and organizational structures in the modern world united by improved transportation and communication

Question 15

Levels of development

Answer 15

The study of how countries develop financially

Question 16

Measures of development

Answer 16

The process of achieving an optimum level of health and well-being. It includes physical, biological, mental, emotional, social, educational, economic, and cultural components

Question 17

Neo-colonialism

Answer 17

A disparaging reference to economic and political policies by which major developed countries are seen to retain or extend influence over the economies of less developed countries and peoples

Question 18

Third world

Answer 18

A term applied to countries considered not fully developed or in a state of underdevelopment

Question 19

Gross national product

Answer 19

The total value of goods and services (with some adjustments) including income received from abroad, produced by the residents of a country during a specified period (usually a year).

Question 19

Purchasing power parity

Answer 19

A monetary measurement which takes account of what money actually buys in each country

Question 20

Rostow, W.W.

Answer 20

Prominent for his role in the shaping of American policy in Southeast Asia during the 1960s, he was a staunch opponent of communism, and was noted for a belief in the efficacy of capitalism and free enterprise

Question 21

Technology gap

Answer 21

The contrast between the technology available in developed core regions and that present in peripheral areas of underdevelopment

Question 22

World systems theory

Answer 22

Immanuel Wallerstein’s theoretical approach which analyzes societies in terms of their position within global systems

Question 23

Technology transfer

Answer 23

The diffusion to or acquisition by one culture or retention of the technology possessed by another, usually more developed, society.

Question 24

Agricultural labor force

Answer 24

A measure of the participating portion of an economy’s labor force

Question 25

Subsistence economies

Answer 25

A type of economy in which human groups live off the land with little or no surplus

Question 26

More developed country

Answer 26

A country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum

Question 27

Less developed country

Answer 27

A country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development

Question 28

The north and south split

Answer 28

For the most part, the northern half of the Earth is where all the MDCs are located while the southern half is where the LDCs are located

Question 29

Value added

Answer 29

In manufacturing, the gross value of the product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it

Question 30

MDC vs LDC

Answer 30

MDC : tertiary level

LDC: primary and secondary levels

Question 31

Productivity

Answer 31

The productivity is higher in MDCs than LDCs because they have more access to tools and technologies

Question 32

Manufacturing regions of the world

Answer 32

East Asia, Japan, Latin America

Question 33

Globalization’s impact on local trade

Answer 33

Locally owned small businesses now have to join together to receive aid from the banks because they are not large enough otherwise

Question 34

Fair trade

Answer 34

Products are made and traded according to standards that protect workers and small businesses in LDCs

Question 35

Stages of Growth model

Answer 35

Five stage model of development

1. The traditional society
2. The preconditions for takeoff
3. The takeoff
4. The drive to maturity
5. The age of mass consumption

Question 36

Distribution

Answer 36

Arrangement of features in space; three main properties: density, concentration, pattern

Question 37

Transportation systems

Answer 37

Products that promote better transportation and communications are accessible to virtually all residents in MDCs and are vital to the economy

Question 38

NGOs

Answer 38

Organization not run by a government but by a charity or private organization that supplies resources and money to local businesses and causes advancing economic and human development.

Question 39

Informal economy

Answer 39

Economic activity that is niether tazed nor monitored by a government; and is not included in that governments Gross National Product; as opposed to a formal economy

Question 40

Outsourcing

Answer 40

The physical separation of some economic activities from the main production facility, usually for the purpose of employing cheaper labor

Question 41

Economic sectors

Answer 41

Primary, secondary and tertiary levels

Question 42

Gender-Related Development Index (GDI)

Answer 42

Compared the level of development of women with that of both sexes