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AP Human Geography > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

Map

A

Maps are the tool most uniquely identified with geography; the ability to use and interpret maps is an essential geographic skill

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1
Q

Spatial

A

of or pertaining to space on or near Earth’s surface

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2
Q

Map Scale

A

Distance on a map relative to distance on Earth

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3
Q

Model

A

a simplified abstraction of reality, structured to clarify casual relationships ; geographers use models to explain patterns, make informed decisions, and predict future behaviors

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4
Q

Possibilism

A

The physical environment may limit some human actions but people have the ability to adjust to their environment. People can choose a course of action from many alternatives in the physical environment.

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5
Q

Location

A

“Where”

A space that is occupied in the universe

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6
Q

Absolute Location

A

Exact location

the address

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7
Q

Relative Location

A

How a place is related, or connected to other places

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8
Q

Site

A

refers to the physical character of a site

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9
Q

Situation

A

the location of a place relative to other places

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10
Q

Spatial Interaction

A

movement of people, materials, and ideas or information across Earth

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11
Q

Diffusion

A

spread of an idea or invention

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12
Q

Relocation Diffusion

A

the transfer of ideas, behaviors, or articles from one place to another through the migration of those possessing the feature transported

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13
Q

Expansion Diffusion

A

the spread of ideas, behaviors, or articles through a culture area or from one culture to neighboring areas through contact and exchange of information

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14
Q

Contagious diffusion

A

a form of diffusion that depends on direct contact

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15
Q

Stimulus diffusion

A

if the innovation or idea does not spread, but local experimentation and eventual changes in ways of doing things occur due to contact between cultures it is considered diffusion

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16
Q

Scale

A

Relationship between a map and reality in cartographic terms

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17
Q

Regions

A

An area that is defined by certain shared characteristics

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18
Q

Formal/Uniform Region

A

a type of region marked by a certain degree of homogeneity in one or more phenomena; also called a uniform region or homogenous region

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19
Q

Functional/Nodal Region

A

a region defined by the particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it

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20
Q

Perceptual/Vernacular region

A

a region that only exists as a conceptualization of an idea and not as a physically demarcated entity

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21
Q

Thematic maps

A

show more specific information, often on a single theme or topic

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22
Q

Projection

A

A way of drawing the round Earth as a flat map

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23
Q

Large Scale Maps

A

shows a smaller area in much more detail (city map)

greater than 1:100,000

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24
Q

Small Scale Maps

A

Shows less detail, larger area

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25
Q

Choropleth maps

A

Statistical variable - shaded or patterned

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26
Q

Dot Maps

A

Each dot represents a certain distance covered ; used for commercial purposes like where wireless reaches

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27
Q

Geographic Information System

A

a high performance computer system that processes geographic data

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28
Q

Global Positioning System

A

takes signals from a series of satellites to pinpoint the current location of a vehicle

29
Q

Remote Sensing

A

the accusation of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite or other long distance methods

30
Q

Mental maps

A

Visual or verbal maps

31
Q

Environmental determinism

A

how the physical environment caused social development

32
Q

Physical attributes

A

Landforms, water bodies, climate, soil, vegetation

33
Q

Cultural attributes

A

Settlement patterns, population, composition, architecture, economic activities, recreational activities, transportation, language, beliefs, etc

34
Q

Place name location

A

the name given to or held by a geographical location

town, city, village, etc

35
Q

Absolute direction

A

a compass direction such as north or south

36
Q

Relative direction

A

directions such as left, right, up & down, backward, etc

37
Q

Absolute distance

A

distance that can be measured with standard unit length

38
Q

relative distance

A

measure of distance that includes costs of overcoming the friction of absolute distance separating two places

social, economic, connectivity, etc

39
Q

Size

A

estimation or determination of extent

40
Q

Built landscape

A

features and patterns reflecting human occupation and the uses of natural resources

41
Q

Sequent occupance

A

Notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing two cumulative cultural landscape

42
Q

Density

A

the frequency with which something occurs in space

43
Q

Arithmetic density

A

Total number of objects in an area, often used to compare distribution of population in different countries

44
Q

Physiological Density

A

Number of people per unit of area suitable for agriculture

45
Q

Hearth density

A

the place from which an innovation originates; diffuses from there to other places

46
Q

Hierarchical diffusion

A

Spread of an idea from people or power to other persons or places of power

from people/places of power

47
Q

Distribution

A

Arrangement of features in space

three main properties: density, concentration, pattern

48
Q

Meridian

A

an arc drawn between North and South poles

49
Q

Longitude

A

The location of each meridian identified on Earth’s surface according to a number system

50
Q

Prime meridian

A

The meridian at 0 degrees longitude

51
Q

Parallel

A

a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians

52
Q

Latitude

A

the numbering system to indicate the location of a parallel

53
Q

Equator

A

0 degrees latitude

54
Q

North and South Poles

A

North Pole is 90 degrees north latitude

South Pole is 90 degrees south latitude

55
Q

International Date Line

A

The line of longitude that marks where each new day begins, centered on the 180th meridian

56
Q

Concentration

A

The extent of a features spread over space

57
Q

Dispersed/Scattered

A

objects are relatively far apart

58
Q

Clustered/agglomerated

A

Objects in an area are close together

59
Q

Friction of distance

A

increase in time and cost that usually comes with increasing distance

60
Q

Distance decay

A

A function that represents the way that some entity or its influence decays with distance from its geographical location

61
Q

Time-space compression

A

the increasing sense of connectivity that brings people closer together even though their distances are the same

62
Q

Isoline

A

map displaying lines that connect points to equal value

63
Q

Accessibility

A

The relative ease with which a destination may be reached from some other place

64
Q

Connectivity

A

The degree of economic, social, cultural, or political connection between two places

65
Q

Network

A

a set of interconnected nodes without a center.

66
Q

Cartogram

A

Adjusts the size of the country corresponds to the magnitude of the mapped feature.

67
Q

Statistical map

A

Demonstrates information: Includes dot map, choropleth, and proportional symbol.

68
Q

Linear pattern

A

straight pattern

houses down a street

69
Q

Centralized pattern

A

clustered or concentrated at a certain place

70
Q

Random pattern

A

no specific order or logic behind its arrangement

AP Human Geography (12 decks)

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