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AP Human Geography > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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0
Q

Autonomous religion

A

A religion that does not have a central authority but shares ideas and cooperates informally

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1
Q

Animism

A

Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life

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2
Q

Branch

A

A large and fundamental division with a religion

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3
Q

Caste

A

The class or distinct hereditary order into which a Hindu is assigned according to religious law

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4
Q

Cosmogony

A

A set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe

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5
Q

Ethnic religion

A

A religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular locations in which it adherents are concentrated

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6
Q

Fundamentalism

A

Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion

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7
Q

Ghetto

A

During the Middle Ages, a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews; now used to denote a section of a city in which members of any minority group live because of social, legal, or economic pressure

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8
Q

Denomination

A

A division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations into a single legal and administrative body

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9
Q

Hierarchical religion

A

A religion in which a central authority exercises a high degree of control

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10
Q

Missionary

A

An individual who helps to diffuse a universalizing religion

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11
Q

Monotheism

A

The doctrine or belief of the existence of only one god

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12
Q

Polytheism

A

Belief in or worship of more than one god

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13
Q

Pagan

A

A follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times

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14
Q

Pilgrimage

A

A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes

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15
Q

Sect

A

A relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination

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16
Q

Solstice

A

Astronomical event that happens twice each year, when the tilt of Earth’s axis is most inclined toward or away from the Sun, causing the Sun’s apparent position in the sky to reach it most northernmost or southernmost extreme, and resulting in the shortest and longest days of the year

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17
Q

Universalizing

A

A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location

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18
Q

Islam

A

Dominates North Africa, SW Asia, & Indonesia - fastest growing

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19
Q

Buddhism

A

Originated in India but is now in the minority in India - strong in SE Asia, China, Japan

  • became buddha “the enlightened one”
  • spoke out against the Hindu caste system
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20
Q

Christianity

A

Most widely distributed - dominates in Europe, North & South America, Australia, South Africa, & Russia

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21
Q

Hinduism

A
  • believe in reincarnation
  • caste system
  • all life is sacred
  • Vedas is the sacred book
  • 3 beliefs (karma, reincarnation & release)
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22
Q

Sikhism

A

Emerged as a compromise religion - cross between the monotheism of Islam and the concepts of reincarnation and karma

23
Q

Agnosticism

A

Belief that nothing can be known about whether God exists

24
Q

Atheism

A

Belief that God does not exist

25
Q

Fundamentalism

A

Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion

26
Q

Feng shui

A

A function of laws considered to govern spatial arrangement and orientation and relation to the flow of energy, and whose favorable and unfavorable effects are taken into account when sitting and designing buildings

27
Q

Cargo cult pilgrimage

A

Cargo cult’s believe western goods have been traded to them by ancestral spirits. It takes place in Melanesia

28
Q

Enclave

A

An enclosed territory that is culturally distinct from the foreign territory that surrounds it

29
Q

Exclave

A

A part of a country that is separated from the rest of the country and surrounded by foreign territory

30
Q

Hadj

A

The fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca

31
Q

Interfaith boundaries

A

Boundaries between major religions

32
Q

Religious toponym

A

This refers to the origin and meaning of the names of religions

33
Q

Religious culture hearth

A

The origin of a religion/starting place of a religion

34
Q

Sunni

A

A member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad

35
Q

Shia

A

The branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad

36
Q

Sharia law

A

The code or law derived from the Qur’an and from the teachings and example of Mohammad

37
Q

Shintoism

A

A religion based in Japan, marked by worship of nature and reverence for ancestors

38
Q

Confucianism

A

The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony and though and conduct

39
Q

Judaism

A

The monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud

40
Q

Jainism

A

Religion and philosophy originating in ancient India. Stresses spiritual independence and equality throughout all life

41
Q

Mormonism

A

A term used to describe religious, ideological, and cultural aspects of the various denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement

42
Q

Muslim pilgrimage

A

If physically and financially able, a Muslim makes a pilgrimage to Mecca

43
Q

Zoroastrianism

A

System of religion founded in Persia in the 6th century BC by Zoroaster

44
Q

Taoism

A

A Chinese religion adhering to the teaching of Lao-tzu

45
Q

Theocracy

A

The belief in government by the divine guidance

46
Q

Secularism

A

A doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations

47
Q

Shamanism

A

Belief that spirits inhabit living and nonliving things, communicating with humans through priests called shamans

48
Q

Sacred space

A

Place of worship defined by the circle, whenever and wherever you may need it

49
Q

Proselytic religion

A

Referred to as a universalizing religion, which is an attempt to be global, to appeal to all people, wherever they may live in the world, not just those of one culture or location

50
Q

Reincarnation

A

Birth after death

51
Q

Religious conflict

A

Conflict over differences in religion

One of the main causes in war

52
Q

Religious cultural

A

Religion is a unifying cultural aspect all around the world

53
Q

Religious cultural regions

A

The area of dominance of a religion

54
Q

Religion places

A

Sacred or holy places that have a special meaning to s certain religion

AP Human Geography (12 decks)

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