Chapter 6 Flashcards
Autonomous religion
A religion that does not have a central authority but shares ideas and cooperates informally
Animism
Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life
Branch
A large and fundamental division with a religion
Caste
The class or distinct hereditary order into which a Hindu is assigned according to religious law
Cosmogony
A set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe
Ethnic religion
A religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular locations in which it adherents are concentrated
Fundamentalism
Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion
Ghetto
During the Middle Ages, a neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited only by Jews; now used to denote a section of a city in which members of any minority group live because of social, legal, or economic pressure
Denomination
A division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations into a single legal and administrative body
Hierarchical religion
A religion in which a central authority exercises a high degree of control
Missionary
An individual who helps to diffuse a universalizing religion
Monotheism
The doctrine or belief of the existence of only one god
Polytheism
Belief in or worship of more than one god
Pagan
A follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times
Pilgrimage
A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes
Sect
A relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination
Solstice
Astronomical event that happens twice each year, when the tilt of Earth’s axis is most inclined toward or away from the Sun, causing the Sun’s apparent position in the sky to reach it most northernmost or southernmost extreme, and resulting in the shortest and longest days of the year
Universalizing
A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location
Islam
Dominates North Africa, SW Asia, & Indonesia - fastest growing
Buddhism
Originated in India but is now in the minority in India - strong in SE Asia, China, Japan
- became buddha “the enlightened one”
- spoke out against the Hindu caste system
Christianity
Most widely distributed - dominates in Europe, North & South America, Australia, South Africa, & Russia
Hinduism
- believe in reincarnation
- caste system
- all life is sacred
- Vedas is the sacred book
- 3 beliefs (karma, reincarnation & release)
Sikhism
Emerged as a compromise religion - cross between the monotheism of Islam and the concepts of reincarnation and karma
Agnosticism
Belief that nothing can be known about whether God exists
Atheism
Belief that God does not exist
Fundamentalism
Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion
Feng shui
A function of laws considered to govern spatial arrangement and orientation and relation to the flow of energy, and whose favorable and unfavorable effects are taken into account when sitting and designing buildings
Cargo cult pilgrimage
Cargo cult’s believe western goods have been traded to them by ancestral spirits. It takes place in Melanesia
Enclave
An enclosed territory that is culturally distinct from the foreign territory that surrounds it
Exclave
A part of a country that is separated from the rest of the country and surrounded by foreign territory
Hadj
The fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca
Interfaith boundaries
Boundaries between major religions
Religious toponym
This refers to the origin and meaning of the names of religions
Religious culture hearth
The origin of a religion/starting place of a religion
Sunni
A member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad
Shia
The branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad
Sharia law
The code or law derived from the Qur’an and from the teachings and example of Mohammad
Shintoism
A religion based in Japan, marked by worship of nature and reverence for ancestors
Confucianism
The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony and though and conduct
Judaism
The monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud
Jainism
Religion and philosophy originating in ancient India. Stresses spiritual independence and equality throughout all life
Mormonism
A term used to describe religious, ideological, and cultural aspects of the various denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement
Muslim pilgrimage
If physically and financially able, a Muslim makes a pilgrimage to Mecca
Zoroastrianism
System of religion founded in Persia in the 6th century BC by Zoroaster
Taoism
A Chinese religion adhering to the teaching of Lao-tzu
Theocracy
The belief in government by the divine guidance
Secularism
A doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations
Shamanism
Belief that spirits inhabit living and nonliving things, communicating with humans through priests called shamans
Sacred space
Place of worship defined by the circle, whenever and wherever you may need it
Proselytic religion
Referred to as a universalizing religion, which is an attempt to be global, to appeal to all people, wherever they may live in the world, not just those of one culture or location
Reincarnation
Birth after death
Religious conflict
Conflict over differences in religion
One of the main causes in war
Religious cultural
Religion is a unifying cultural aspect all around the world
Religious cultural regions
The area of dominance of a religion
Religion places
Sacred or holy places that have a special meaning to s certain religion
