Chapter 7 Flashcards
Race
identity with a group of people who share a biological ancestor
Ethnicity
identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth
Triangle slave trade
- Europe to Africa with goods to buy slaves
- Africa to Western Hemisphere with slaves and gold
- Western Hemisphere to Europe with sugar and molasses
Sharecropper
Works fields rented from a landowner and paid the rent by turning over to the landowner a share of crops
Racism
The belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race
Racist
A person who subscribes to the beliefs of racism
Blockbusting
Real estate agents convinced white homeowners living near a black area to sell their houses at a low prices
Apartheid
the physical separation of different races into different geographic areas
Nationality
In the US, it identifies citizens of then United States of America, including those born in the country and those who immigrated and became citizens
Nation-state
A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality
Self-determination
The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves
Nationalism
Loyalty and devotion to a nationality
Centripetal force
An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state
Ethnic cleansing
A process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region
Balkanized
Descriptive of a small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it was inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long-standing antagonisms toward each other
Balkanization
Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities
Acculturation
When one group of people adopt the culture traits of another culture
Adaptive strategies
strategies that make people adapt to the prevailing culture
Assimilation
The succession of one race into another
Barrio
An urban area in a Spanish-speaking country
Chain migration
Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there
Cultural adaption
New people adapt to the culture of the previously existing people
Cultural shatterbelt
Areas where diverse languages are spoken
Ethnic conflict
A war between ethnic groups, often as a result of ethnic nationalism
Ethnic enclave
A neighborhood, district, or suburb which retains some cultural distinction from a larger, surrounding area
Ethnic group
People of the same race or nationality who share a distinctive culture
Ethnic region
A region containing a dominant group of people who share the same cultural backgrounds
Ethnic homeland
A place of origin for a certain ethnicity
Ethnic landscape
Various ethnic groups that make up a population
Ethnic neighborhood
An area within a city containing members of the same ethnic background
Ethnocentrenism
Belief in superiority of one’s own ethnic group
Ghetto
A poor, densely populated city district occupied by a minority ethnic group linked together by economic hardship and social restrictions
Plural society
A society combing ethnic contrasts
Segregation
And social system that provides seperate facilities for minority groups
Social distance
The distance between different groups of society and is opposed to locational distance
Distribution of ethnicities
Dependent on race, religion, and culture
Sequent occupance
Notion that successful societies leave their cultural imprints on a place each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape
Ethnic exclaves
A part of a country that is seperated from the rest of the country by ethnicity that is surrounded by different ethnicities
Dowry death
Disputes over the price to be paid by the family of the bride to the father of the groom (the dowry) have, in some extreme cases, lead to the death of the bride
Enfranchisement
A statutory right or privilege granted to a person or group by a government
Gender
The state of being male or female (typically used with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones)
Gender gap
Difference in political views between men and women
Infanticide
The act of killing an infant
Longevity gap
The gap between the life expectancy of men and women
Maternal mortality rate
Number of deaths per thousand of women giving birth
GDP
The value of the total number of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period
GNP
Is similar to GDP except that includes income that people earn abroad
