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FSCN 1112 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

metabolism

A

network of chemical processes that maintain life

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2
Q

metabolic pathway

A

biochemical reactions that occur in progression from beginning to end

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3
Q

intermediates/metabolites

A

compounds formed in pathway

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4
Q

anabolic

A

pathways that build compounds

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5
Q

catabolic

A

pathways that break down compounds

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6
Q

ATP

A

body’s source of energy derived from catabolic reactions

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7
Q

What is ATP broken down into?

A

ADP or AMP to generate energy

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8
Q

1 st stage of catabolism

A

Digestion: breakdown of complex molecules t their component building blocks

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9
Q

2nd stage of catabolism

A

conversion of building blocks to acetyl-coA

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10
Q

3rd stage of catabolism

A

metabolism of acetyl-coA to CO2 and formation of aTP

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11
Q

Oxidation-reduction reactions

A

electrons are transferred through reactions from energy yielding compounds to oxygen

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12
Q

loses electron (gains oxygen or loses hydrogen

A

oxidized

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13
Q

gains electron

A

reduced

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14
Q

compounds that facilitate enzyme activity and carry electrons

A

coenzymes

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15
Q

uses niacin

A

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)

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16
Q

uses riboflavin

A

flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)

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17
Q

Pyruvcate and lactate O-R reactions

A

Pyruvate is oxidized

lactate is reduced

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18
Q

glucose oxidization

A

results in CO2 and the reduction of oxygen to water

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19
Q

oxidizes (removes e-) food molecules to obtain energy (ATP)

A

cellular respiration

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20
Q

aerobic respiration of one glucose yields _____ ATP

A

30-32 (requires mitochondria)

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21
Q

anaerobic respiration of one glucose molecule yields ___ATP

A

2

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22
Q

where does glycolysis occur?

A

cytosol

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23
Q

what happens on glycolysis?

A

glucose (6C) is oxidized to form 2 molecules of pyruvate (3 C)

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24
Q

pyruvate is oxidized and joined with CoA to form acetyl-CoA

A

Synthesis of acetyl CoA/ transition reaction (occurs in mitochondria)

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25
Q

Acetyl CoA enters cycle producing NADH +H, FADH2, and ATP

A

Citric acid cycle (occurs in mitochondria)

26
Q

NADH+H, FADH2 are oxidized to NAD and FAD to generate ATP

A

electron transport systems

27
Q

Glycolysis consumes:

A

glucose
2 NAD+
2 ADP+2pi

28
Q

glycolysis produces

A

2 pyruvate
2 ATP
H2O
2 NADH

29
Q

Citric acid cycle consumes:

A

acetyl-CoA
3 NAD+
FAD
GDP

30
Q

Citric acid cycle produces

A

2 CO2
1 ATP ( GTP)
3 NADH
FADH2

31
Q

how many molecules of acetyl-CoA are produced from 1 glucose molecule?

A

2

32
Q

oxidative phosphorylation uses oxygen

A

passage of e- along a series of e- carriers (how energy is derived from NADH FADH2) (major source of ATP)

33
Q

how many carbons in acetyl CoA? pyruvate?

A

2, 3

34
Q

occurs in cells with no mitochondria (red blood cells) or when there is no/low oxygen

A

Anaerobic Metabolism

35
Q

What is pyruvate converted to in anaerobic metabolism?

A

lactate

36
Q

how many ATP are form from every glucose molecule in anaerobic metabolism?

A

2

37
Q

what is the livers role in anaerobic respiration?

A
  • takes up lactate

- synthesizes compounds used (like glucose) from lactate

38
Q

lipolysis

A

triglycerides broken down into fatty acids and glycerol

39
Q

where does fatty acid oxidation take place?

A

mitochondria

40
Q

what does fatty acid oxidization yield?

A

acetyl-CoA

41
Q

what is produced from amino acids in FAO?

A

carnitine

42
Q

C16 (palmitate) yields _____ acetyl-CoA molecules

A

8

43
Q

each cycle in FAO results in fatty acid becoming:

A

shorter

44
Q

FAO produces:

A
  • acetyl-CoA
  • NADH
  • FADH2
45
Q

ketone bodies are form from:

A

incomplete fatty acid oxidization

46
Q

overflow of acetyl-CoA when its produced from FAO exceeds CAC demand:

A

ketogenesis

47
Q

Protein Metabolism (anabolic or catabolic?)

A

catabolic

48
Q

input of PM

A

vitamin B6

49
Q

output of PM

A

ammonia (NH3)

50
Q

what happens to the NH3

A

converted to ammonia, and then urea and excrete d in urine

51
Q

froms acetyl CoA which can be used in the CAC or to make ketone bodies?

A

ketogenic amino acid

52
Q

forms pyruvate which can make glucose via oxaloacetate

A

glucogenic amino acid

53
Q

forming glucose from glucogenic amino acids and other compounds

A

gluconeogenesis

54
Q

How are fatty acids synthesized?

A

formed from excess energy (carbs) with the addition of acetyl-CoA

55
Q

major site of alcohol metabolism

A

liver

56
Q

acetyaldehyde is converted to _____ in alcohol metabolism

A

acetyl CoA

57
Q

Fasting encourages:

A

glycogen breakdown
fat breakdown
gluconeogenesis
synthesis of ketone bodies

58
Q

feasting encourages:

A 
glycogen synthesis
fat synthesis
protein synthesis
urea synthesis
insulin release
59
Q

unable to metabolize phenylalanine

A

phenylketonuria

60
Q

unable to metabolize galactose

A

galactosemia

61
Q

inability to convert glycogen to glucose

A

glycogen storage disease

FSCN 1112 (14 decks)

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