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FSCN 1112 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

GI tract

A

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
Actual flow of food through these organs/compartments

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2
Q

Involved in digestion and metabolism of foods and nutrients

A

Liver, pancreas, and gall bladder

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3
Q

Digestion

A

Process of breaking down foods into a form the body can use (like starch to sugar)

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4
Q

Absorption

A

Uptake of nutrients from the GI tract into the blood or lymph

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5
Q

4 layers of the GI tract

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscle
Serosa

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6
Q

Mucosa

A

Innermost layer of GI tract

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7
Q

Lumen

A

hollow area where food travels

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8
Q

Submucosa

A

Contains blood vessels carrying nutrients

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9
Q

Muscle

A

Move food forward through contractions

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10
Q

Serosa

A

outside layer of GI tract protects it

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11
Q

Sphincters

A

Ring like muscles that control the flow of contents in the GI tract (prevent backflow)

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12
Q

Peristalsis

A

Contractions in the GI

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13
Q

Segmentation

A

Back and forth movement in the GI

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14
Q

Mass movements

A

peristalsis over widespread area in GI

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15
Q

Where is bile produced?

A

liver

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16
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

gallbladder

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17
Q

Function of enzymes

A

Catalyze chemical reactions including hydrolysis reactions that break down a product by adding H

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18
Q

3 components of saliva

A

Lysozyme
Mucus
Amylase

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19
Q

Lysozyme

A

breaks down bacteria

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20
Q

Mucus

A

Lubricate and hold bolus together

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21
Q

Amylase

A

Breaks down starch

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22
Q

Epiglottis

A

Prevents food from lodging in the trachea (windpipe)

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23
Q

stomach secretions

A 
Hydrochloric acid
Pepsinogen
Gastric Lipase
Gastrin
Mucus (protects stomach from being digested)...regulated by prostaglandins
24
Q

Hydrochloric acid

A

very acidic
inactivates proteins
destroys bacteria/viruses
aids in mineral absorption

25
Q

Pepsinogen

A

protein digesting enzyme

26
Q

Gastric Lipase

A

helps fat breakdown

27
Q

Gastrin

A

hormone that controls release of HCl and pepsinogen

28
Q

Where does most digestion and absorption occur?

A

Small intestine

29
Q

Sections of small intestine

A

Duodenum ( 10 in )
Jejunum (4 ft )
Ileum (5 ft)

30
Q

Villi

A

Folds in intestine that contain specialized epithelial cells called enterocytes

31
Q

Microvilli

A

Located on enterocytes

Act to increase surface area

32
Q

Function of Liver

A

Produces bile to help with fat absorption

Enterohepatic (recycling bile)

33
Q

Function of gallbladder

A

Bile storage and release

34
Q

Function of pancreas

A

Produces sodium bicarbonate (buffer), lipases, proteases and pancreatic amylase

35
Q

Passive diffusion

A

nutrients in higher concentration in the lumen move to enterocytes that have lower concentrations

36
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

higher concentration to less plus a carrier protein or transport to help get them across (fructose)

37
Q

Active absorption

A

In not dependent on concentration requires ATP and a transporter (amino acids and glucose)

38
Q

Endocytosis

A

englufment, antibody absorption of colostrum

39
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Includes heart blood vessels and blood

Water-soluble nutrients transported via capillaries in villi to portal vein

40
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Includes lymphs

Fat-soluble nutrients and large particles transported into the lymph vessels to thoracic duct (blood)

41
Q

Parts of the Large intestine

A

cecum, colon, rectum and anus

42
Q

Functions of large intestine

A

Some absorption especially water and electrolytes
Defecation feces
House bacteria

43
Q

Bacterial Flora

A

Controls pathogenic bacteria
Synthesize vitamin K and biotin
aid lactose digestion

44
Q

Pro-biotic

A

Live bacteria that provide health benefits

45
Q

Pre-biotic

A

Non-digestible carbohydrates that promote the growth of bacteria

46
Q

Heartburn and Gastroesphogeal reflux (GERD)

A

Reflux of stomach acid into esophagus
15% of US pop has heartburn daily, 3% GERD
Treatments: antacids and inhibitors of HCl production

47
Q

Ulcers

A

Cause: H. pylori (bacteria) or aspirin (NSAID drugs)
Treatment: antibiotics or HCl inhibitors

48
Q

Gallstones

A

Formation of hard stone-like structures in the gallbladder made mostly of cholesterol
Treatment: remove gallbladder

49
Q

Causes of food intolerances

A 
enzyme deficiency
sensitivity to food component
synthetic compounds added to foods
medications
toxins
50
Q

Intestinal Gas

A

Flatulence caused by: bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates in large intestine, swallowed air
Treatment: enzyme preps that help break doown food

51
Q

Constipation

A

Impaired ability to defecate

Treatments: fiber, fluid and exercise, laxative

52
Q

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

A

abdominal pain, distension, diarrhea, constipation
15% of pop
Treatment: reduce stress and avoid food intolerances

53
Q

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

A

1 in 500 americans

Most common forms are ulcerative colitis and crohn’s

54
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

swollen veins in the rectum and or anus

risk factors: preg, obesity, excess sitting

55
Q

Celiac Disease (gluten intolerance)

A

inherited auto-immune disorder damage to villi

causes malabsorption

FSCN 1112 (14 decks)

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