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FSCN 1112 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

3 Functions of Nutrients

A

1) provide energy
2) Important for growth and development
3) Regulate Body processes/functions

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2
Q

Nutrients (3 things):

A

Have a specific biological function
are required in the diet (absence leads to decreases biological function or disease)
can restore normal function if added back to a diet deficient diet prior to permanent damage

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3
Q

4 Macronutrients

A

Carbs
Proteins
Lipids
Water

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4
Q

2 Micronutrients

A

Vitamins

Minerals

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5
Q

Nutrients that provide Energy

A

Most carbs
Proteins
Most lipids ( fats and oils)

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6
Q

Nutrients that promote growth and development

A 
Proteins
Lipids
Some vitamins
Some  minerals
Water
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7
Q

Nutrients that regulate body processes

A 
Proteins
Some lipids
Some Vitamins
Some minerals
Water
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8
Q

What elements are carbs compsed of?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

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9
Q

Simple carbs

A

Sugars in food or glucose in our bodies

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10
Q

Complex carbohydrates

A

Polysaccharides in food and glycogen in our bodies

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11
Q

Function of carbs

A

provides energy (4 kcal/g)

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12
Q

What elements make lipids

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

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13
Q

Lipids

A

compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents (like ethanol)

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14
Q

Trigylcerides

A

Lipids…major form of fat in food and major form of energy storage in our bodies

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15
Q

4 types of trigylcerides

A

saturated fatty acids
unsaturated fatty acids
trans fatty acids
essential fatty acids

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16
Q

4 functions of lipids

A

provide energy (9 kcal/g)
energy storage
hormone synthesis
membrane constituents

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17
Q

What elements make protein?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

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18
Q

Functions of proteins

A 
provides energy (4 kcal/g)
enzymes
muscle
cell signaling
blood
transport
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19
Q

What make up proteins

A

amino acids

20
Q

How many essential amino acids are there?

A

9

21
Q

How many amino acids are there

A

20

22
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin c

b-complex

23
Q

what type of vitamin is more easily excreted by the body?

A

water soluble

24
Q

What vitamins are easily destroyed by cooking?

A

water soluble

25
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin A, D, E, K

26
Q

What vitamins are more easily stored in the body?

A

Fat soluble

27
Q

Which vitamins pose a greater rick of toxicity?

A

fat soluble

28
Q

Minerals

A

Inorganic compounds (major and trace)

29
Q

Examples of major minerals

A 
sodium
potassium
chloride
calcium
phosphorous
30
Q

Major minerals

A

required in grams

31
Q

Trace minerals

A

required less than 100 mg daily

32
Q

Examples of trace minerals

A

Iron
Zinc
Copper
Selenium

33
Q

Functions of minerals

A

Water balance
nervous system
muscle contraction
enable chemical reactions

34
Q

Macro nutrient required in the largest quantity?

A

Water

35
Q

3 functions of water

A

lubricant
solvent and transportation medium
body temp regulation

36
Q

What are phyto and zoo chemicals?

A

physiologically active compounds that provide health benefits but are not essential nutrients

37
Q

Why do we need energy

A

build new compounds
muscle contraction
nervous system
ion balance in cells

38
Q

How is energy defined

A

calories or kilocalories

39
Q

what is a calorie

A

amount of heat needed to increase the temp of 1 g of water 1 degree C

40
Q

Anthropometrics

A

physical measurements

41
Q

biochemical assessment

A

nutrients/metabolites in blood, urine, etc

42
Q

Clinical assessment

A

physical evidence of poor health

43
Q

Dietary assessment

A

foods consumed

44
Q

Environmental assessment

A

educational and economical background

45
Q

Components of a nutritional assessment

A 
Anthropometrics
Biochemical
Clinical
Dietary
Environmental 
ABCDE

FSCN 1112 (14 decks)

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