Chapter 1 Flashcards
3 Functions of Nutrients
1) provide energy
2) Important for growth and development
3) Regulate Body processes/functions
Nutrients (3 things):
Have a specific biological function
are required in the diet (absence leads to decreases biological function or disease)
can restore normal function if added back to a diet deficient diet prior to permanent damage
4 Macronutrients
Carbs
Proteins
Lipids
Water
2 Micronutrients
Vitamins
Minerals
Nutrients that provide Energy
Most carbs
Proteins
Most lipids ( fats and oils)
Nutrients that promote growth and development
Proteins Lipids Some vitamins Some minerals Water
Nutrients that regulate body processes
Proteins Some lipids Some Vitamins Some minerals Water
What elements are carbs compsed of?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Simple carbs
Sugars in food or glucose in our bodies
Complex carbohydrates
Polysaccharides in food and glycogen in our bodies
Function of carbs
provides energy (4 kcal/g)
What elements make lipids
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Lipids
compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents (like ethanol)
Trigylcerides
Lipids…major form of fat in food and major form of energy storage in our bodies
4 types of trigylcerides
saturated fatty acids
unsaturated fatty acids
trans fatty acids
essential fatty acids
4 functions of lipids
provide energy (9 kcal/g)
energy storage
hormone synthesis
membrane constituents
What elements make protein?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Functions of proteins
provides energy (4 kcal/g) enzymes muscle cell signaling blood transport
What make up proteins
amino acids
How many essential amino acids are there?
9
How many amino acids are there
20
Water soluble vitamins
Vitamin c
b-complex
what type of vitamin is more easily excreted by the body?
water soluble
What vitamins are easily destroyed by cooking?
water soluble
Fat soluble vitamins
Vitamin A, D, E, K
What vitamins are more easily stored in the body?
Fat soluble
Which vitamins pose a greater rick of toxicity?
fat soluble
Minerals
Inorganic compounds (major and trace)
Examples of major minerals
sodium potassium chloride calcium phosphorous
Major minerals
required in grams
Trace minerals
required less than 100 mg daily
Examples of trace minerals
Iron
Zinc
Copper
Selenium
Functions of minerals
Water balance
nervous system
muscle contraction
enable chemical reactions
Macro nutrient required in the largest quantity?
Water
3 functions of water
lubricant
solvent and transportation medium
body temp regulation
What are phyto and zoo chemicals?
physiologically active compounds that provide health benefits but are not essential nutrients
Why do we need energy
build new compounds
muscle contraction
nervous system
ion balance in cells
How is energy defined
calories or kilocalories
what is a calorie
amount of heat needed to increase the temp of 1 g of water 1 degree C
Anthropometrics
physical measurements
biochemical assessment
nutrients/metabolites in blood, urine, etc
Clinical assessment
physical evidence of poor health
Dietary assessment
foods consumed
Environmental assessment
educational and economical background
Components of a nutritional assessment
Anthropometrics Biochemical Clinical Dietary Environmental ABCDE
