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FSCN 1112 > Chapter 12: Fat-soluble vitamins > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Fat-soluble vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 classes of vitamins?

A

1) water soluble

2) fat soluble

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2
Q

Examples of water-soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin B complex and C

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3
Q

Examples of fat-soluble vitamins

A

Vitamins A, D, E, and K

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4
Q

How much of fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed?

A

40-90%

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5
Q

How much of water-soluble vitamins are absorbed?

A

90+%

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6
Q

Where does the digestive process start for ALL vitamins?

A

The stomach, the release of vitamins from food occurs

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7
Q

What aids the stomach in release of ALL vitamins from food?

A

Digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas

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8
Q

Where are ALL vitamins absorbed?

A

Small intestine

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9
Q

What aids the small intestine in fat-soluble vitamin absorption?

A

Bile produced in the liver (stored in gall bladder)

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10
Q

What else is absorbed during fat-soluble vitamin digestion?

A

dietary fat (along with the vitamins) are carried by the chylomicrons into the lymphatic circulations

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11
Q

Where in the body is vitamin K produced?

A

Made by bacteria in the ileum of the small intestine and large intestine

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12
Q

What is the transport of vitamins based on?

A

Solubility

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13
Q

How are water soluble vitamins transported?

A

Into the portal vein

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14
Q

Where are fat-soluble vitamins stored in the body?

A

In fat (adipose of liver)

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15
Q

Are water soluble vitamins stored?

A

It is very limited except for B-6 and B12

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16
Q

What vitamins can be toxic in very high doses?

A

A and D

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17
Q

What are retinoids?

A

active form of vit A

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18
Q

3 forms of retinoids:

A

Retinal, retinol, and retinoic acid

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19
Q

Dietary sources of retinoids:

A

liver, fish oils, fortified dairy products and eggs

20
Q

What are caroteinoids?

A

Provitamins which can be converted to Vit A

21
Q

Most common caroteinoid?

A

Beta-carotene

22
Q

Dietary sources of caroteinoids:

A

dark green and yellow-orange vegetables and fruit

23
Q

Where is most vitamin A stored in your body?

A

liver ~90%

24
Q

Which has lower absorption: carotenoids or retinoids?

A

carotenoid

25
Q

6 functions of vitamin A:

A

Growth and development, cell differentiation/signaling, vision, immune function, dermatology, antioxidents

26
Q

Vitamin A deficiencies can lead to:

A

blindness, night blindness, xerophthalmia, follicular hyperkeratosis

27
Q

Are carotenoids toxic?

A

no

28
Q

3 types of vitamin A toxicities:

A

acute, chronic, teratogenic

29
Q

Is vitamin D necessary?

A

Conditionally, not always

30
Q

What type of hormone in vitamin D?

A

prohormone (precursor to active hormone)

31
Q

Dietary sources of vitamin D

A

fatty fish, cod liver oil, fortified dairy products and breakfast cereals

32
Q

Does vitamin D follow AI or RDA standards?

A

AI (15 ug for adults)

33
Q

WHAT absorbs vitamin D?

A

chylomicrons

34
Q

What carries vitamin D?

A

Proteins in blood

35
Q

Where is vitamin D stored?

A

adipose (mostly) and liver

36
Q

how is vitamin D excreated?

A

bile or urine

37
Q

What regulates vitamin D metabolism?

A

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

38
Q

Functions of vitamin D

A

Calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, bone health, immune function, cancer?

39
Q

What does a deficiency in vitamin D cause in kids and in adults (2 diff things)

A

Kids- rickets

Adults- osteomalacia

40
Q

upper limit of vitamin D intake

A

100ug (toxic)

41
Q

Dietary sources of vitamin E:

A

plant oils, wheat germ, asparagus, almonds, peanuts, and sunflower seeds

42
Q

RDA of vit E:

A

15 mg

43
Q

How is vitamin E transported?

A

via chylomicrons from intestine (does not have a specific carrier protein in blood

44
Q

How is vitamin E excreted?

A

bile, urine, and skin

45
Q

Vitamin E functions:

A

antioxidant

46
Q

Effects of vitamin E deficiencies

A

hemolytic anemia

FSCN 1112 (14 decks)

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