Chapter 9 #23-45

Question 0

Traditional agriculture

Answer 0

This biologically powered agriculture.

Question 1

Rangeland

Answer 1

Pasture, land used for grazing livestock

Question 2

Monoculture

Answer 2

Distinct from the polyculture approach of much traditional agriculture. The uniform planting of a single crop

Question 3

Parent material

Answer 3

The base geological material in a particular location.

Question 4

Weathering

Answer 4

Described the physical, chemical, and biological processes that break down rocks and minerals, turning large particles into set particles

Question 5

Soil profile

Answer 5

The cross section as a whole, from surface to bedrock

Question 6

topsoil

Answer 6

A crucial horizon for agriculture and ecosystems is the A horizon

Question 7

Leaching

Answer 7

The process whereby solid particles suspended or dissolved in liquid are transported to another location

Question 8

Silt

Answer 8

Particles 0.002-0.05 mm

Question 9

Sand

Answer 9

Particles 0.05-2 mm

Question 10

Loam

Answer 10

Soil with a relatively even mixture of the three particle sizes

Question 11

Terracing

Answer 11

Transforms slopes into series of steps like a staircase, enabling farmers to cultivate hilly land without losing huge amounts of soil to water erosion

Question 12

Intercropping

Answer 12

Planting different types of crops in alternating bands or other spatially mixed arrangements.

Question 13

Shelterbelts

Answer 13

Windbreaks. A widespread technique to reduce erosion from wind

Question 14

Irrigation

Answer 14

The artificial provision of water to support agriculture

Question 15

Waterlogging

Answer 15

When the water table rises to the point that water bathes plant roots, depriving them of access to gases and essentially suffocating them.

Question 16

Salinization

Answer 16

The buildup of salts in surface soil layers

Question 17

Inorganic fertilizer

Answer 17

are mined or synthetically manufactured mineral supplements.

Question 18

Organic fertilizers

Answer 18

Consist of the remains or wastes of organisms and include animal manure; crop residues; fresh vegetation; and compost, a mixture produced when decomposers break down organic matter, including food and crop waste, in a controlled environment

Question 19

Overgrazings

Answer 19

When too many animals eat too much of the plant cover, impeding plant regrowth and preventing the replacement of biomass

Question 20

Horizon

Answer 20

Each layer of soil

Question 21

Soil

Answer 21

Is not merely lifeless dirt; it is a complex plant supporting system consisting of disintegrated rock, organic matter, water, gases, nutrients, and micro organisms