Chapter 2 #1-18

Question 0

Culture

Answer 0

The ensemble of knowledge, beliefs, values, and learned ways of life shared by a group of people.

Question 1

Anthropocentrism

Answer 1

Describes a human-centered view of our relationship with the environment.

Question 2

Environmental ethics

Answer 2

Ethical standards to relationships between humans and non humans entities

Question 3

Biocentrism

Answer 3

Ascribes value to certain living things or to the biotic realm in general

Question 4

Ecocentrism

Answer 4

Judges actions in terms of their benefit or harm to the integrity of whole ecological systems, which consist of living and non living element and the relationship among them

Question 5

Conservation

Answer 5

Holds that people should put natural resources to use but also that we have a responsibility to manage them wisely

Question 6

Deep ecology

Answer 6

Established in 1970s. Described the movement as resting on principles of “self-realization” and bio centric equality

Question 7

Ecofeminism

Answer 7

Argues that patriarchal structure of society(which traditionally grants more power and prestige. To men than to women) is a root cause of both social and environmental problems.

Question 8

Economy

Answer 8

A social system that converts resources into goods

Question 9

Capitalist marking economy

Answer 9

Second type of economy. In the system the interactions among buyers and sellers determine which goods and services are produced, how much are produced, and how these are produced and distributed

Question 10

Centrally planned economies

Answer 10

The government determines In a top-down manner how to allocate resources

Question 11

Classical economics

Answer 11

Smith believed that when people are free to pursue their own economic self-interest in a competitive marketplace, the marketplace will behave as if guided by an ‘invisible hand’ that ensures their actions will benefit soviet as a whole

Question 12

Cost-benefit analysis

Answer 12

Neoclassical economists commonly use this method

Question 13

Ecological economists

Answer 13

Argue that a couple of centuries is not a very long period of time and that history suggests that civilizations do not overcome their environmental limitations

Question 14

Environmental economists

Answer 14

Tend to agree with ecological economists that economies are unsustainable if population growth is not reduced and resource use is not made more efficient

Question 15

Contingent valuation

Answer 15

Surveys to determine how much people are willing to pay to protect or restore a resource

Question 16

Ecolabeling

Answer 16

Serves to tell consumers which brands use environmentally benign processes

Question 17

Ecosystem services

Answer 17

Humankind benefits from a multitude of resources and processes that are supplied by ecosystems.