Chapter 8

Question 0

Demography

Answer 0

The application of principles from population ecology to the study of statistical change in human populations.

Question 1

IPAT model

Answer 1

A variation of a formula proposed in 1974 by Paul Enrilch and John Holderon. Represents how our total impact on the environment results from the interaction among population, affluence, and technology. I=P•A•T

Question 2

Total fertility rate (TFR)

Answer 2

The average number of children born per female member of a population during her life time.

Question 3

Replacement fertility

Answer 3

Is the TFR that keeps the size of a population stable.

Question 4

Natural rate of population

Answer 4

Change due to birth and death rates alone, excluding migration.

Question 5

Life expectancy

Answer 5

The average number of years that an individual in a particular age group is likely to continue to live, but often people use this term to refer to the average number of years a person can expect to live from birth

Question 6

Demographic transition

Answer 6

To make sense of these trends the demographers developed the concept

Question 7

Pre industrial stage

Answer 7

Characterized by conditions that have defined most of human history. Death rates are high because of disease is widespread and shelter is difficult to obtain. Birth rate is high because people must compensate for infant mortality by having more children.

Question 8

Transitional age

Answer 8

Industrialization initiates the second stage of the demographic transition. Declining death rates due to increased food production and improved medical care. Birth rates stay high because people have not grown used to the new conditions.

Question 9

Industrial stage

Answer 9

the third stage in the demographic transition. Population stabilize or decline slightly.