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Psychology > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

The shift in psychology from strict behaviorism to investigating ways in which the brain creates the mind

A

Cognitive Revolution

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2
Q

Investigations of how the brain creates the mind that draws from several fields, including psychology, philosophy, economics, neuroscience, and computer science

A

Cognitive Science

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3
Q

A mental map that allows us to know how to react in different situations

A

Concept

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4
Q

A process in which a person begins at an initial state and moves through a series of intermediate states to arrive at a desired state

A

Problem Solving

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5
Q

A step-by-step procedure for solving problems that is guaranteed to work but slow

A

Algorithm

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6
Q

A way of solving problems that relies on inexact rules so it is error prone but faster than algorithms

A

Heuristic

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7
Q

The ability to make surprising connections between seemingly disconnected ideas

A

Creativity

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8
Q

Moment at which the solution to a problem suddenly becomes clear

A

Insight

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9
Q

A set of mental assumptions about a situation that can be an obstacle to problem Solving by hiding possible solutions

A

Mental Set

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10
Q

The benefit of cost of an outcome multiplied by the likelihood of the outcome occurring

A

Expected value

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11
Q

Calculate expected values , pick the behavior with the highest expected value

A

Classical Theory of decision making

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12
Q

The way in which a particular problem or solution is presented

A

Framing

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13
Q

Based on the assumption that the most easily imagined possibility is also the likeliest

A

Availability Heuristic

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14
Q

The smallest unit of sound in a language

A

Phoneme

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15
Q

The ability to hear phonemes and assign the phonemes to words

A

Phonology

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16
Q

The smallest meaningful unit in a word

A

Morpheme

17
Q

Connection between a word and the worlds meaning

A

Semantics

18
Q

Rules governing word order in a language

A

Syntax

19
Q

Shows that children who fail must be using imitation when they pluralize

A

Wug Test

20
Q

The ability to efficiently and effectively learn from experience , perform mental tasks and solve problems

A

Intelligence

21
Q

A statistical method for grouping items on a test into clusters by evaluating the correlations between items

A

Factor Analysis

22
Q

A single factor that accounts for much of the variance in intelligence scores across the individuals

A

General Intelligence

23
Q

Facts, information, and details that we have learned over our lifetime

A

Crystallized Intelligence

24
Q

The capacity to process information and develop solutions to problems

A

Fluid Intelligence

25
Q

Gains in performance on intelligence scores for the general population that have been observed over the last several decades

A

Flynn Effect

26
Q

Individuals with generally limited mental abilities but outstanding capabilities in one or two limited domains

A

Savants

27
Q

It measures what it was intended to measure

A

Validity

28
Q

It yields consistent results across the entire test and separate occasions

A

Reliability

29
Q

Refers to the practice of :
1) determining set procedures that will be used whenever the test is given
2) giving the test to people across a desired reference group in order to establish a range of comparison scores

A

Test Standardization

30
Q

Persons who are unable to use spoken language to communicate

A

Idiots

31
Q

persons who are unable to use written language to communicate

A

Imbeciles

32
Q

persons who are unable to care for themselves

A

Morons

33
Q

Actual age in number of years

A

Chronological age

34
Q

The age group with the same mental ability as the test-taker

A

Mental age

35
Q

the difference in scores around the mathematical mean

A

Variance

36
Q

The score is not biased by the test taker’s cultural and social background

A

Culture fair

37
Q

applied psychologist that works in school settings to address the educational, psychological and social needs of students

A

School psychologists

38
Q

Applied psychologists who uses psychological science in addressing legal and criminal issues

A

Forensic Psychologist

39
Q

a psychological theory that divides intelligence into three types: practical, creative, and analytical

A

Triarchic Theory

Psychology (13 decks)

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