Chapter 5

Question 1

Environmental factors, such as material stress, viruses or drugs, that can negatively impact fetal development

Answer 1

Teratogens

Question 2

The orderly sequence of biological growth

Answer 2

Maturation

Question 3

All mental activities associated with thinking, knowing and remembering ,communication

Answer 3

Cognition

Question 4

A metal maps in which we store our experiences

Answer 4

Schemas

Question 5

The process of adjusting a preexisting schema to comport with new information

Answer 5

Assimilation

Question 6

Piaget’s first stage of cognitive development, occurring from birth to approximately age two, in which babies learn about the world through their senses and actions

Answer 6

Sensorimotor

Question 7

The awareness that objects continue to exist when not seen

Answer 7

Object Permanence

Question 8

Piaget’s second stage of cognitive development, occurring between ages two and six, in which children can mentally represent, but not mentally operate, objects

Answer 8

Pre-Operational

Question 9

The principle that quanity remains the same despite changes in shape

Answer 9

Conversation

Question 10

Piaget’s third stage of cognitive development, occurring between ages six and twelve, in which children can perform mental operations as long as they have tangible (concrete) materials to work with.

Answer 10

Concrete Operational

Question 11

Piaget’s fourth and final stage of cognitive development, occurring at approximately age twelve, in which children should begin to demonstrate the ability to perform mental operations abstractly, without the aid of actual experience.

Answer 11

Formal Operational

Question 12

A young child’s difficulty perceiving things from another individual’s point of view, resulting in the assumption that everyone else sees, hears and feels exactly as they do

Answer 12

Egocentrism

Question 13

The association an infant makes between their caregiver, nourishment, and comfort. Key in normal cognitive and social development.

Answer 13

Attachment

Question 14

Anxiety born of an infant’s inability to assimilate people (strangers) into the caregiver schema, beginning at approximately 8 months of age.

Answer 14

Stranger Anxiety

Question 15

An optimal time period within which certain events need to take place to foster healthy development

Answer 15

Critical Period

Question 16

a bonding process that occurs between certain birds and their perceived care takers

Answer 16

Imprint

Question 17

When infants play happily and readily explore new environments in the presence of their mother

Answer 17

Secure Attachment

Question 18

When infants demonstrate behavior marked by anxiety, avoidance, or a combination of both in regard to relationships

Answer 18

Insecure Attachment

Question 19

personality characteristics that are made evident shortly after birth relating to emotional reactivity and intensity

Answer 19

Temperament

Question 20

the ability to overcome stress and trauma

Answer 20

Resiliency

Question 21

The image individuals have of themselves, consisting of the abilities we believe we have and how we perceive them

Answer 21

Self Concept

Question 22

how caregivers impart beliefs and standards of behavior to their children

Answer 22

Parenting Styles

Question 23

refers to warmth, or to what extent parents respond to their children’s needs and wants

Answer 23

Responsiveness

Question 24

refers to the extent to which parents expect obedience and responsible behavior, regardless of how their children may feel about it

Answer 24

Demandingness

Question 25

the years spent moving from childhood to adulthood

Answer 25

Adolescence

Question 26

an unsettled phase of life occurring between ages eighteen to the mid-twenties

Answer 26

Emerging Adulthood

Question 27

the period of sexual maturation in which we can become capable of sexual reproduction

Answer 27

Puberty

Question 28

external genitalia and reproductive organs; primarily internal

Answer 28

Primary Sex Characteristics

Question 29

external indicators of sexual maturation such as breasts and hips in girls and facial hair and deeper voices in boys; primarily external

Answer 29

Secondary Sex Characteristics

Question 30

the belief that an adolescent’s private experiences are unique and that others, especially their peers, are always directing their attention toward them

Answer 30

Adolescent Egocentrism

Question 31

the development of the capacity to distinguish between right and wrong

Answer 31

Moral Development

Question 32

gut feelings that can drive decisions, such as the desire to return a favor

Answer 32

Moral Intuitions

Question 33

an individual’s consistent sense of who they are.

Answer 33

Identity

Question 34

the ability to form emotionally close relationships, particularly of a romantic nature

Answer 34

Intimacy

Question 35

an umbrella term for symptoms of a degenerating brain, such as impaired thinking and memory

Answer 35

Dementia

Question 36

a specific form of dementia that is irreversible, and includes impaired thought, impaired speech, flat affect, and confusion

Answer 36

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 37

The appropriate time, depending upon one’s culture, to leave home, get a job, marry, have children, and retire

Answer 37

Social Clock

Question 38

The emotional and role changes that occur following the death of a loved one

Answer 38

Bereavement

Question 39

A multidisciplinary support approach to caring for people with serious illnesses, with the goal of improving quality of life for patient and family

Answer 39

Palliative Care