Chapter 14

Question 1

A subfield of psychology that focuses on how the social environment including individuals and groups influences the behavior of the individual including how they think, act and feel.

Answer 1

Social Psychology

Question 2

The emotional and cognitive evaluations that we attach to people, places, objects and ideas

Answer 2

Attitudes

Question 3

Attitude change that is due to a careful weighing and evaluation of arguments and the characteristics of the object or events

Answer 3

Central Route of Persuasion

Question 4

Attitude change that is due to quick association with positive or negative cues in the environment or the object or events

Answer 4

Peripheral Route of Persuasion

Question 5

The theory that the tension we experience when our attitudes and behaviors do not match motivates us to change our attitudes to be more consistent with our behaviors

Answer 5

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Question 6

A person who pretends to be a candidate for participation but is actually working with the researchers

Answer 6

Confederate

Question 7

A strong positive or negative attitude toward a group of people that biases the way we think, act, feel about the members of a particular group

Answer 7

Prejudice

Question 8

The individuals with whom we directly identify and perceive as most similar to us

Answer 8

In-group

Question 9

The individuals with whom we least directly identify and who we perceive to be most dissimilar from us

Answer 9

Out-group

Question 10

The overgeneralized characteristics that we assign to all members of a perceived group

Answer 10

Stereotypes

Question 11

Occurs when we assign the cause of the behavior to something within the individual, such as their personality, beliefs, or motivation

Answer 11

Personal Attributions

Question 12

Occurs when we assign the cause of the behavior to something outside the individual such as the context or other people in the situation

Answer 12

Situational Attribution

Question 13

We tend to make more personal Attributions than situation Attributions when observing other’s behavior

Answer 13

Fundamental Attribution Error

Question 14

The tendency to believe that people’s behavior matches their personal characteristics

Answer 14

Correspondence Bias

Question 15

We accept our successes as a product of personal characteristics and losses as due to situational variables

Answer 15

Self-serving bias

Question 16

Situations where the expectations of an event increases the likelihood of the event occurring, which reinforces the expectation of the event

Answer 16

Self-Fulfilling prophecies

Question 17

The rules and expectations of the group concerning the behavior of individual members

Answer 17

Social Norms

Question 18

Social Norms that are formally adopted by a group as written laws, rules, or policies

Answer 18

Explicit Social Norms

Question 19

Expectations and rules governing social behavior that are not part of formally adopted laws , rules, or policies

Answer 19

Implicit Social Norms

Question 20

The expected behaviors of individuals with certain characteristics in a social group

Answer 20

Social Rules

Question 21

The process of adapting our individual behavior to meet the social norms, attitudes, and behaviors of a social group

Answer 21

Conformity

Question 22

Changes in behavior due to a desire to do what is right in a social setting and to act correctly

Answer 22

Informational Influence

Question 23

Changes in behavior due to a desire for social approval or to avoid social disapproval

Answer 23

Normative Influence

Question 24

Answering the questions without any social pressure, the accuracy on the line comparison task was nearly 100% correct

Answer 24

Control Conditions

Question 25

The tendency for the likelihood of receiving help to decrease as the number of people witnessing the emergency increases

Answer 25

Bystander Effect

Question 26

The more people in the group the less any one person is responsible for the outcome of the situation

Answer 26

Diffusion of Responsibility

Question 27

How we feel about ht person , object or idea

Answer 27

Affective Component

Question 28

How we act toward the person, object or idea

Answer 28

Behavioral Component

Question 29

What we believe or think about the characteristics of the person, object, or idea

Answer 29

Cognitive Component