Chapter 14 Flashcards
A subfield of psychology that focuses on how the social environment including individuals and groups influences the behavior of the individual including how they think, act and feel.
Social Psychology
The emotional and cognitive evaluations that we attach to people, places, objects and ideas
Attitudes
Attitude change that is due to a careful weighing and evaluation of arguments and the characteristics of the object or events
Central Route of Persuasion
Attitude change that is due to quick association with positive or negative cues in the environment or the object or events
Peripheral Route of Persuasion
The theory that the tension we experience when our attitudes and behaviors do not match motivates us to change our attitudes to be more consistent with our behaviors
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
A person who pretends to be a candidate for participation but is actually working with the researchers
Confederate
A strong positive or negative attitude toward a group of people that biases the way we think, act, feel about the members of a particular group
Prejudice
The individuals with whom we directly identify and perceive as most similar to us
In-group
The individuals with whom we least directly identify and who we perceive to be most dissimilar from us
Out-group
The overgeneralized characteristics that we assign to all members of a perceived group
Stereotypes
Occurs when we assign the cause of the behavior to something within the individual, such as their personality, beliefs, or motivation
Personal Attributions
Occurs when we assign the cause of the behavior to something outside the individual such as the context or other people in the situation
Situational Attribution
We tend to make more personal Attributions than situation Attributions when observing other’s behavior
Fundamental Attribution Error
The tendency to believe that people’s behavior matches their personal characteristics
Correspondence Bias
We accept our successes as a product of personal characteristics and losses as due to situational variables
Self-serving bias
Situations where the expectations of an event increases the likelihood of the event occurring, which reinforces the expectation of the event
Self-Fulfilling prophecies
The rules and expectations of the group concerning the behavior of individual members
Social Norms
Social Norms that are formally adopted by a group as written laws, rules, or policies
Explicit Social Norms
Expectations and rules governing social behavior that are not part of formally adopted laws , rules, or policies
Implicit Social Norms
The expected behaviors of individuals with certain characteristics in a social group
Social Rules
The process of adapting our individual behavior to meet the social norms, attitudes, and behaviors of a social group
Conformity
Changes in behavior due to a desire to do what is right in a social setting and to act correctly
Informational Influence
Changes in behavior due to a desire for social approval or to avoid social disapproval
Normative Influence
Answering the questions without any social pressure, the accuracy on the line comparison task was nearly 100% correct
Control Conditions
The tendency for the likelihood of receiving help to decrease as the number of people witnessing the emergency increases
Bystander Effect
The more people in the group the less any one person is responsible for the outcome of the situation
Diffusion of Responsibility
How we feel about ht person , object or idea
Affective Component
How we act toward the person, object or idea
Behavioral Component
What we believe or think about the characteristics of the person, object, or idea
Cognitive Component
