Chapter 6

Question 1

A change in how the organism behaviors due to the changes of the environment produced by their behavior

Answer 1

Learning

Question 2

A scientific approach to exploring laws and principles that govern behavior across species and the development of behavior technologies based on these laws

Answer 2

Behavior Analysis

Question 3

Scientists who approach the study of behavior from the perspective of behavior analysis

Answer 3

Behavior Analysis

Question 4

a systematic method of providing research participants with an external stimulus and asking them to provide detailed reports of their internal experiences to better understand the underlying mental processes

Answer 4

Introspection

Question 5

An inherited behavior that is directly caused by the occurrence of a specific stimulus in the environment.

Answer 5

Respondent Behavior

Question 6

The relationship between an environmental event and a biologically inherited physiological response.

Answer 6

Reflex

Question 7

An untrained environmental event that does not elicit the unconditioned response.

Answer 7

Neutral Stimulus

Question 8

A previously neutral stimulus that begins to elicit the unconditioned response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus

Answer 8

Conditional Stimulus

Question 9

An unconditioned response that was elicited by the presentation of a conditioned stimulus.

Answer 9

Conditional Response

Question 10

he state of being close together in time or space

Answer 10

Contiguity

Question 11

the NS is presented and removed before the US is presented so that there is no overlap between the two stimuli

Answer 11

Trace Conditioning

Question 12

the NS is presented first and then the US is presented while the NS is still present; there are two key elements to delayed conditioning.

Answer 12

Delayed Conditioning

Question 13

The NS and US are both presented at the same time

Answer 13

Simultaneous Conditioning

Question 14

Refers to the degree to which one event predicts the occurrence of another event.

Answer 14

Backward Conditioning

Question 15

Refers to the degree to which one event predicts occurrence of another event.

Answer 15

Contingency

Question 16

Occurs any time the conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented without presenting the US

Answer 16

Respondent extinction

Question 17

The reappearance of the conditioned response after some time has passed since the last extinction trial

Answer 17

Spontaneous recovery

Question 18

Occurs when the behavior is observed in the presence of stimuli used during training but not in their absence.

Answer 18

Discrimination

Question 19

Occurs when the CR is observed in the presence of stimuli that were not present during training.

Answer 19

Generalization

Question 20

Focuses on the relationship between the behavior and the environmental changes that the behavior produces.

Answer 20

Operant Conditioning

Question 21

The stimuli that precede a behavior and provide information about the available consequences.

Answer 21

Discriminative Stimuli

Question 22

A situation where two people’s unwanted behavior is maintained by both positive and negative reinforcement.

Answer 22

Behavior Trap

Question 23

a stimulus or event, the removal of which will decrease the likelihood that the behavior that produced removal will occur again in the future

Answer 23

Negative Punisher

Question 24

a stimulus or event that is produced by the behavior and causes a decrease in the probability of the behavior occurring in the future.

Answer 24

Positive Punisher

Question 25

Refers to the rules that specify when reinforcement is delivered and what must be done to earn the consequence.

Answer 25

Schedules of Reinforcement

Question 26

he technique of putting a problem behavior on extinction while adding positive reinforcement

Answer 26

Differential reinforcement

Question 27

technique where the response that is being reinforced is one that makes it impossible for the rat to engage in lever pressing

Answer 27

Differential reinforcement of incompatible (DRI) behavior

Question 28

technique that provides reinforcement for the organism when it is doing any behavior that is not the problem behavior

Answer 28

Differential reinforcement of other (DRO) behavior

Question 29

occurs when an old behavior reappears during the extinction of a new behavior.

Answer 29

Resurgence