Chapter 6 Flashcards
A change in how the organism behaviors due to the changes of the environment produced by their behavior
Learning
A scientific approach to exploring laws and principles that govern behavior across species and the development of behavior technologies based on these laws
Behavior Analysis
Scientists who approach the study of behavior from the perspective of behavior analysis
Behavior Analysis
a systematic method of providing research participants with an external stimulus and asking them to provide detailed reports of their internal experiences to better understand the underlying mental processes
Introspection
An inherited behavior that is directly caused by the occurrence of a specific stimulus in the environment.
Respondent Behavior
The relationship between an environmental event and a biologically inherited physiological response.
Reflex
An untrained environmental event that does not elicit the unconditioned response.
Neutral Stimulus
A previously neutral stimulus that begins to elicit the unconditioned response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus
Conditional Stimulus
An unconditioned response that was elicited by the presentation of a conditioned stimulus.
Conditional Response
he state of being close together in time or space
Contiguity
the NS is presented and removed before the US is presented so that there is no overlap between the two stimuli
Trace Conditioning
the NS is presented first and then the US is presented while the NS is still present; there are two key elements to delayed conditioning.
Delayed Conditioning
The NS and US are both presented at the same time
Simultaneous Conditioning
Refers to the degree to which one event predicts the occurrence of another event.
Backward Conditioning
Refers to the degree to which one event predicts occurrence of another event.
Contingency
Occurs any time the conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented without presenting the US
Respondent extinction
The reappearance of the conditioned response after some time has passed since the last extinction trial
Spontaneous recovery
Occurs when the behavior is observed in the presence of stimuli used during training but not in their absence.
Discrimination
Occurs when the CR is observed in the presence of stimuli that were not present during training.
Generalization
Focuses on the relationship between the behavior and the environmental changes that the behavior produces.
Operant Conditioning
The stimuli that precede a behavior and provide information about the available consequences.
Discriminative Stimuli
A situation where two people’s unwanted behavior is maintained by both positive and negative reinforcement.
Behavior Trap
a stimulus or event, the removal of which will decrease the likelihood that the behavior that produced removal will occur again in the future
Negative Punisher
a stimulus or event that is produced by the behavior and causes a decrease in the probability of the behavior occurring in the future.
Positive Punisher
Refers to the rules that specify when reinforcement is delivered and what must be done to earn the consequence.
Schedules of Reinforcement
he technique of putting a problem behavior on extinction while adding positive reinforcement
Differential reinforcement
technique where the response that is being reinforced is one that makes it impossible for the rat to engage in lever pressing
Differential reinforcement of incompatible (DRI) behavior
technique that provides reinforcement for the organism when it is doing any behavior that is not the problem behavior
Differential reinforcement of other (DRO) behavior
occurs when an old behavior reappears during the extinction of a new behavior.
Resurgence
