Chapter 4 Flashcards
The well-known abbreviation ‘Roy G. Biv’ represents hues from long-wavelength (red) to short-wavelength (violet)
Hue varies with wavelength
The outer portion of the eye.
Sclera
The transparent bulge at the front of the eye
Cornea
The colored ring of the muscle in the eye that controls the size of the pupil
Iris
The tiny transparent hole in the center of the eye.
Pupil
A process in which the lens of the eye changes shape to adapt to different viewing distances
Accommodation
The transformation of one kind of energy into another kind of energy
Transduction
The “Projection Screen” of the eye that transforms the light energy received from the outside world into an electrical signal that is passed to the brain
Retina
Light sensitive cells in the retina
Photoreceptors
A type of photoreceptors that is mostly found in the foveal region of the retina and are responsible for color vision
Cones
A more sensitive type of photoreceptors that inhabit mostly periphery of the retina
Rods
An area of high-activity vision in the center of the retina that is tightly packed with photoreceptors
Fovea
A molecule in the photoreceptor that changes shape when the light collides with it
Photopigment
An area in the eye without any photoreceptor because of the optic nerve
Blind Spot
The visual processing stream from the retina to the cortex is bottom up,
Bottom-Up Processing
Imposing Expectations onto a raw visual image can enable you too see women than a skull
Top-Down Processing
People who are color-deficient have one or more photorecetors that are different people with normal color vision
Trichromatic Theory
the process in which the brain becomes less sensitive to a particular sensory feature after being exposed to it for an extended period of time.
Adaption
Methods of Grouping disconnected sensory fragments to form a coherent whole
Gestalt Grouping Principles
when the brain perceives motion in stationary alternating images, such as lights flashing along a Christmas tree.
Phi Phenomenon
the ability to distinguish nearby objects from the surrounding backgrounds.
Figure-ground segregation
The tendency of the brain to “fill in” gaps in the retinal image
Closure
Our brain assumes that edges vary smoothly rather than abruptly
Good Continuation
Nearby items are grouped together
Proximity
Similar items are grouped together
Similarity
The brain’s ability to generate a three dimensional view of the world by comparing two flat retinal images that are different
Stereopsis
Nearby objects are clearer and distant objects are more blurry
Atmospheric Perspective
Nearby objects hide distant objects
Occlusion
Parallel lines appear to coverage as they grow more distance
Linear Perspective
Number of cycles per second of wave
Frequency
The height of a wave sound
Amplitude
sound analog of frequency,
higher pitch=higher frequency
Pitch
Sound analog of amplitude, higher=louder sound
Loudness
A measurement that compares the pressure cause by a sound wave to the normal pressures inside the ear.
Decibel
The cartilaginous portion of the outer ear that collects sound
Pinna
Conveys sound from the outer ear to the eardrum
Ear Canal
Changes airborne vibrations into mechanical vibrations
Eardrum
Tiny bones that amplify eardrums vibrations
Ossicles
A frequency at which something vibrates most energetically
Resonance
A flat sheet of tissue in the cochlea that resonates at different frequencies at different ends
Basilar Membrane
the first major region of the auditory processing in the cortex
Primary Auditory Cortex
Contains a map of the body
Somatosensory Cortex
