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Psychology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Understanding how the physical brain gives rise to behavior and mental processing

A

Biopsychology

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2
Q

A brain cell that stores and processes information using an electrical code

A

Neuron

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3
Q

A brain cell that supports the activities of neurons.

A

Glial Cell

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4
Q

Part of the neuron that contains machinery to keep the neuron alive and functioning.

A

Soma

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5
Q

Branching neural fibers that collect inputs from other neurons.

A

Dentrites

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6
Q

A single long wire that sends electrical signal from the soma to other neurons.

A

Axons

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7
Q

Glial cell that provides electrical insulation for the axon.

A

Myelin

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8
Q

Voltage maintained by a neuron when it is not sending any electrical messages.

A

Resting Potential

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9
Q

Electrical impulse that moves from the soma through the axon.

A

Action Potential

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10
Q

Passageways that enable charged particles (ions) to travel through the neural membrane when opened.

A

Ion Channels

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11
Q

The claim that the network that appears when examining brain tissue under a microscope consists of separate cells.

A

Neuron Doctrine

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12
Q

Tiny gap between two neurons where chemical transmission of neural messages occurs.

A

Synapse

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13
Q

Chemical messengers manufactured by one neuron that communicate with other neurons via synapses.

A

Neruotransmitters

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14
Q

Tiny bags used to contain and transport neurotransmitters from the soma to the end of the axon.

A

Vesicles

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15
Q

Places where neurotransmitters fit like a key in a lock to activate postsynaptic neurons.

A

Receptor Sites

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16
Q

Chemicals that alter mental function by interacting with one or more synaptic processes.

A

Psychoactive Drugs

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17
Q

Part of the brain that underlies feelings of pleasure.

A

Nucleus Accumbens

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18
Q

Tiny gap between a muscle fiber and the motor neuron controlling the fiber.

A

Neuromuscular Junction

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19
Q

The process of the sending neuron reclaiming used neurotransmitters from the synapse

A

Reuptake

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20
Q

A drug that boosts the effectiveness of a neurotransmitter

A

Agonists

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21
Q

A drug that reduces the effectiveness of a neurotransmitter

A

Antagonists

22
Q

Influences learning, attention, and emotion

A

Dopamine

23
Q

Causes a muscle fiber to contract when released into a neuromuscular junction

A

Acetylcholine

24
Q

Affects mood, sleep and appetite

A

Serotonin

25
Q

A drug that relieves pain by mimicking endorphins.

A

Morphine

26
Q

A substance causing pain relief

A

Analgesic

27
Q

the part of the nervous system made up of the brain and the spinal cord.

A

Central Nervous System

28
Q

a neuron in the spine that is involved in reflexive movements.

A

Interneuron

29
Q

the portion of the nervous system containing all nerves outside the central nervous system.

A

Peripheral nervous system

30
Q

the portion of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary behaviors such as heartbeat, blood pressure, and digestion.

A

Autonomic nervous system

31
Q

the portion of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary behaviors

A

Somatic nervous system

32
Q

the portion of the autonomic nervous system that controls the body’s organ activity in response to threats (i.e., fight or flight).

A

Sympathetic Nervous systerm

33
Q

the portion of the autonomic nervous system that controls normal organ activity

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

34
Q

A brainstem structure that controls basic reflexes such as breathing and heartbeat

A

Medulla

35
Q

A brain structure that contributes to movements requiring balance,coordination, and precise timing.

A

Cerebellum

36
Q

A group of midbrain structures that contributes to our emotional experience

A

Limbic System

37
Q

Recieves incoming sensory information and passes the information onto the limbic system and the cortex

A

Thalamus

38
Q

A midbrain structure that is essential to motivated behaviors such as feeding or fighting

A

Hypothalamus

39
Q

Stores conscious experiences in memory to be made available for later retrieval

A

HIppocampus

40
Q

The wrinkly surface of the brane

A

Cortex

41
Q

Primary visual processing occurs in the occipital lobe at the back of the brain, then projects forward in the “Where” stream to the parietal lobe and in the “What” stream to the temporal lobe

A

Occipital Lobe

42
Q

As the target of the “Where” stream , it Processes visual attention and perception of location

A

Parietal Lobe

43
Q

Forms the front edge of the parietal lobe and processes touch sensations

A

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

44
Q

As the target to of the “What stream , it processes complex shapes such as faces

A

Temporal Lobe

45
Q

Implicated in executive functioning such as planning and impulse control

A

Frontal Lobe

46
Q

Forms the rear edge of the frontal lobe and programs voluntary movements

A

Primary Motor Cortex

47
Q

A thick bundle of fibers that connects the two hemisphere

A

Corpus Callosum

48
Q

An operation to server the corpus callosum, which may reduce seizures

A

Corpus Callosotomy

49
Q

Moves & Senses the right side of the body language

A

Left Hemisphere

50
Q

Moves & Senses the left side of the body , has emotional processing and spatial reasoning.

A

Right Hemisphere

Psychology (13 decks)

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