Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

In stateless societies, gender stratification is often more obvious with regard to ________ than it is with regard to wealth.

A

prestige

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2
Q

Which term refers to the tasks and activities that a culture assigns by gender?

A

gender roles

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3
Q

According to cross-cultural data about the division of labor from 185 societies worldwide, certain tasks like working wood and making musical instruments are

A

culturally arbitrary

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4
Q

In most societies, ________ tend to be the main caregivers in terms of children.

A

women

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5
Q

Cross-culturally, ________ are much more likely to have multiple mates.

A

men

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6
Q

If a patriarchy is a political system ruled by men, what would a matriarchy be—a political system ruled by women? Anthropologist Peggy Reeves Sanday, who investigated these questions among the Minangkabau of West Sumatra, Indonesia, found that

A

the Minangkabau matriarchy is not the equivalent of female rule because of their belief that decision making should be by consensus.

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7
Q

Which of the following statements about groups with the patrilineal–patrilocal complex is FALSE?

A

Their land and prestige are passed through the females.

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8
Q

The tasks and activities that a culture assigns to each sex are known as

A

gender roles

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8
Q

In ________ societies, gender stratification was most marked when men contributed much more to the diet than women did.

A

foraging

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9
Q

Which term refers to descent traced through women only?

A

matrilineal descent

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9
Q

Which term refers to male supremacy based on patrilineality, patrilocality, and warfare?

A

patrilineal–patrilocal complex

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10
Q

Which term refers to work at home versus more valued work outside the home?

A

domestic–public dichotomy

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10
Q

More than half the poor children living in the United States live in families that are

A

headed by women.

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10
Q

Both men and women

A

are constrained by their cultural training, stereotypes, and expectations of gender.

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11
Q

The increasing representation of women (and their children) among America’s poorest people is known as the

A

feminization of poverty.

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12
Q

Transgender is a social category that

A

includes people whose gender identity has no apparent biological roots.

12
Q

Pertaining to a group of biological conditions reflecting a discrepancy between external and internal genitals” is a definition of

13
Q

According to studies in the 1960s, why did young Etoro men and boys engage in “ritualized homosexuality”?

A

They believed it is necessary for boys to ingest semen in order to mature in a healthy way.

13
Q

Sexual attraction to persons of the opposite sex, same sex, or both sexes is known as

A

sexual orientation.

13
Q

________ refers to sexual attraction to both sexes

A

Bisexuality

14
Q

The specific roles assigned to each gender vary from culture to culture.

15
Q

Which term refers to marked differences in male and female besides the contrasts in breasts and genitalia?

A

sexual dimorphism

15
Q

The tasks and activities that a culture assigns by gender are called gender roles.

16
Q

Polyandry (multiple husbands) is much more common than polygyny (multiple wives).

16
Domestic violence against women is prevalent in patrilineal–patrilocal systems in which women are cut off from their supportive kin ties.
True
17
As of 2019, more than 40 percent of American mothers are the primary or sole source of income in their homes.
True
17
The average income of married-couple families is more than twice that of families maintained by a single woman.
True
18
"Pertaining to a group of biological conditions reflecting a discrepancy between external and internal genitals" is the definition of intersex.
True
19
Flexibility in sexual expression seems to be an aspect of our primate heritage
True
20
________ described gender differences related to the positive cultural value placed on adventure, travel, and knowledge of the external world.
Michelle Rosaldo