Chapter 9 Flashcards
In stateless societies, gender stratification is often more obvious with regard to ________ than it is with regard to wealth.
prestige
Which term refers to the tasks and activities that a culture assigns by gender?
gender roles
According to cross-cultural data about the division of labor from 185 societies worldwide, certain tasks like working wood and making musical instruments are
culturally arbitrary
In most societies, ________ tend to be the main caregivers in terms of children.
women
Cross-culturally, ________ are much more likely to have multiple mates.
men
If a patriarchy is a political system ruled by men, what would a matriarchy be—a political system ruled by women? Anthropologist Peggy Reeves Sanday, who investigated these questions among the Minangkabau of West Sumatra, Indonesia, found that
the Minangkabau matriarchy is not the equivalent of female rule because of their belief that decision making should be by consensus.
Which of the following statements about groups with the patrilineal–patrilocal complex is FALSE?
Their land and prestige are passed through the females.
The tasks and activities that a culture assigns to each sex are known as
gender roles
In ________ societies, gender stratification was most marked when men contributed much more to the diet than women did.
foraging
Which term refers to descent traced through women only?
matrilineal descent
Which term refers to male supremacy based on patrilineality, patrilocality, and warfare?
patrilineal–patrilocal complex
Which term refers to work at home versus more valued work outside the home?
domestic–public dichotomy
More than half the poor children living in the United States live in families that are
headed by women.
Both men and women
are constrained by their cultural training, stereotypes, and expectations of gender.
The increasing representation of women (and their children) among America’s poorest people is known as the
feminization of poverty.
Transgender is a social category that
includes people whose gender identity has no apparent biological roots.
Pertaining to a group of biological conditions reflecting a discrepancy between external and internal genitals” is a definition of
intersex.
According to studies in the 1960s, why did young Etoro men and boys engage in “ritualized homosexuality”?
They believed it is necessary for boys to ingest semen in order to mature in a healthy way.
Sexual attraction to persons of the opposite sex, same sex, or both sexes is known as
sexual orientation.
________ refers to sexual attraction to both sexes
Bisexuality
The specific roles assigned to each gender vary from culture to culture.
True
Which term refers to marked differences in male and female besides the contrasts in breasts and genitalia?
sexual dimorphism
The tasks and activities that a culture assigns by gender are called gender roles.
True
Polyandry (multiple husbands) is much more common than polygyny (multiple wives).
False
Domestic violence against women is prevalent in patrilineal–patrilocal systems in which women are cut off from their supportive kin ties.
True
As of 2019, more than 40 percent of American mothers are the primary or sole source of income in their homes.
True
The average income of married-couple families is more than twice that of families maintained by a single woman.
True
“Pertaining to a group of biological conditions reflecting a discrepancy between external and internal genitals” is the definition of intersex.
True
Flexibility in sexual expression seems to be an aspect of our primate heritage
True
________ described gender differences related to the positive cultural value placed on adventure, travel, and knowledge of the external world.
Michelle Rosaldo
