Chapter 8 Flashcards
True or False, According to Pierre Bourdieu and Michel Foucault, it is easier and more effective to dominate people in their minds than to try to control their bodies.
True
True or False In hegemony, there is a social order in which subordinates accept hierarchy as “unnatural.”
False
Which term refers to a food-producing society with a rudimentary political structure?
Tribe
A ________ is a form of sociopolitical organization based on a formal government structure and socioeconomic stratification.
State
Identify the term that refers to a form of sociopolitical organization that is intermediate between the tribe and the state.
chiefdom
Foraging economies are usually associated with which type of sociopolitical organization?
Band
Which of the following was NOT used by traditional Inuit to handle disputes?
courts of law
Which of the following statements about political leaders in foraging bands is true?
They have no means of forcing people to follow their decisions.
Kottak prefers the term socio-political organization to Morton Fried’s term political organization in discussing the regulation or management of interrelations among groups and their representatives. This is because
Fried’s definition is much less applicable to nonstates, in which it is often difficult to detect any public policy.
In the context of tribal societies, what is a “big man”?
a person who creates his reputation through entrepreneurship and generosity to others
What is an age set?
a group uniting men born during a certain span of time in some pastoral African societies
Which of the following is the most accurate view of contemporary foragers?
groups that participate in the modern world system
What is one difference in how anthropologists have traditionally differed from political scientists in their approach to “the political”?
Anthropologists have focused on nonstates, in a global and comparative sense.
Which term is defined as a generous tribal entrepreneur with multivillage support?
big man
The case of the Kapauku focused on the role of the
big man.
Which term is defined as non–kin-based groups with regional political significance?
pantribal sodalities
In the context of the megalithic cultures of Europe created by chiefdoms, including the one that built Stonehenge, Kottak reminds us that
chiefdoms and states can fall as well as rise.
The best examples of non–kin-based groups with regional political significance come from
the Central Plains of North America and from tropical Africa.
Which of the following is the most important factor in determining an individual’s power and prestige in a state?
ancestry
A permanent political position is known as a(n)
Office
In chiefdoms, social status was based on
seniority of descent.
Which term refers to the upper, privileged group in a stratified society?
superordinate
Taxation or other financial support for government apparatus and agents defines the term
fiscal support
In the anthropological study of political systems, social control maintains social norms (cultural standards) and regulates conflict. Which of the following is NOT a form of social control?
exogamy
Maintaining social norms and regulating conflict defines the term
social control.
In an ethnographic field study of political systems in northern Mozambique, Nicholas Kottak found that avoiding shame can be an effective control against breaking social norms. This example of how shame can be a powerful social sanction
joins the work of many other anthropologists that cite the importance of informal processes of social control, including gossip and stigma.
True or False Favored access to resources by superordinates over subordinates is called differential access.
True
True or False Since bands lack formalized law, they have no way of settling disputes.
False
