Chapter 3

Question 1

In survey research, a sample should

Answer 1

be constituted to allow inferences about the larger population.

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic field technique of the ethnographer?

Answer 1

random sampling

Question 2

Lewis Henry Morgan is well known for his work League of the Iroquois, considered anthropology’s earliest ethnography. This and others of his works illustrate his view of unilinear evolutionism, which is that

Answer 2

there is one line or path through which all societies have to evolve, and this path involves specific stages that cannot be skipped, ending at the final stage of civilization.

Question 3

The view that each element of culture, such as the culture trait or trait complex, has its own distinctive history, and that social forms (such as totemism in different societies) that might look similar are not comparable because of their different histories, is known as

Answer 3

historical particularism.

Question 4

Which is the key assumption in Claude Lévi-Strauss’s structuralism?

Answer 4

Human minds have certain universal characteristics that originate in common features of the Homo sapiens brain and lead people everywhere to think similarly regardless of their society or cultural background.

Question 4

Which of the following terms refers to the theoretical paradigm that holds that customs (social practices) function to preserve the social structure?

Answer 4

structural functionalism, as illustrated in the work of Radcliffe-Brown and Evans-Pritchard

Question 5

With a(n) __________, the ethnographer talks face-to-face with people, asks questions, and writes down the answers.

Answer 5

interview schedule

Question 6

One concern with the __________ is that it often results in indirect and impersonal responses from respondents.

Answer 6

questionnaire

Question 6

An agreement to take part in research after having the nature, procedures, and possible impacts of the research explained is known as

Answer 6

informed consent.

Question 7

Which of the following describes the work of ethnographers?

Answer 7

drawing on varied techniques to create a picture of otherwise alien lifestyles

Question 7

What is another name for a key cultural consultant?

Answer 7

key informant

Question 7

Through forms of fieldwork, the anthropologist strives to achieve an understanding of culture in terms of how the local people think. What is the name for this understanding of culture?

Answer 7

emic approach

Question 7

The term __________ refers to an agreement to take part in research after having been informed about its nature, procedures, and possible impacts.

Answer 7

informed consent

Question 8

Survey research often involves

Answer 8

sampling, impersonal data collection, and statistical analysis.

Question 9

Who were two of the most important anthropologists in the development of evolutionism in anthropology?

Answer 9

Sir Edward Burnett Tylor and Lewis Henry Morgan

Question 10

The idea of functionalism in anthropology is that

Answer 10

certain sociocultural practices play specific roles in a society.

Question 10

What did Bronislaw Malinowski mean when he referred to everyday cultural patterns as “the imponderabilia of native life and of typical behavior”?

Answer 10

Features of culture such as distinctive smells, noises people make, how they cover their mouths when they eat, and how they gaze at each other are so fundamental that natives take them for granted but are there for the ethnographer to describe and make sense of.

Question 11

In the mind of an anthropologist who advocates for __________, social systems are comparable to anatomical and physiological systems.

Answer 11

structural functionalism

Question 12

__________ refers to a stratified social order in which subordinates comply with domination by internalizing their rulers’ values and accepting domination as natural.

Answer 12

Hegemony

Question 12

The emic perspective focuses on local explanations of criteria and significance.

Answer 12

true

Question 13

Claude Lévi-Strauss is most closely connected with which theoretical school?

Answer 13

structuralism

Question 14

The etic perspective refers to a nonscientific perspective.

Answer 14

false

Question 15

Longitudinal research is the long-term study of a community, region, society, culture, or other unit, usually based on repeated visits.

Answer 15

true

Question 16

The research technique that uses diagrams and symbols to record kin connections is called

Answer 16

the genealogical method.

Question 17

Franz Boas is the founder of American four-field anthropology.

Answer 17

true

Question 18

What is the term for an expert on a particular aspect of native life?

Answer 18

key cultural consultant

Question 19

While in the field, ethnographers attempt to establish rapport, or a good, friendly working relationship with informants.

Answer 19

true

Question 20

The recollection of a lifetime of experiences—often of a key consultant—describes the research approach known as life history.

Answer 20

true

Question 21

In a random sample, all members of the population have an equal statistical chance of being chosen for inclusion in a study.

Answer 21

true

Question 22

Ethnographers typically combine emic and etic research strategies in their fieldwork. This means they are interested in applying both

Answer 22

native- and scientist-oriented research approaches.